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Whist

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{

"text": "Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game. It is defined by its strategic depth and its requirement for intense concentration. The name comes from the 17th-century word \"whist\" or \"wist.\" This term means quiet, silent, or attentive. This name reflects the focused atmosphere required during play.

Whist marker
Whist marker

While the rules are simple, the game offers great scope for strategic play. It served as a foundational game for many modern card games.\n\nA standard game requires four players and a 52-card deck. Players draw cards to form two partnerships. The two players with the lowest cards play together. They choose seats facing each other. The highest card becomes the dealer. The second highest card becomes the dealer's partner. The dealer chooses a pack and passes it to the left for shuffling. After a cut, the dealer distributes 13 cards to each player. They deal one card at a time in a clockwise direction. The final card is placed face up to set the trump suit.

Tohanovertoken
Tohanovertoken

\n\nThe gameplay follows a specific sequence of actions. The eldest hand is the player to the dealer's left. They lead the first card to start a trick. A trick consists of four cards played by the players. Players must follow the suit that was led if they are able. If they cannot follow suit, they may discard a card or play a trump. A trump is a suit that can beat any other suit regardless of rank. The highest card of the led suit wins the trick. However, if trumps are played, the highest trump wins the trick. The winner of a trick leads the next one.

Drawing by Marguerite Martyn of Women's Whist Club Congress, 1906, St. Louis
Drawing by Marguerite Martyn of Women's Whist Club Congress, 1906, St. Louis

\n\nWhist has a long and documented history. It likely descended from older games like Trionf or Triumph. In 1674, a game called Ruff and Honours was popular in England. Whist emerged as a simpler and more staid version of that game. By the 18th century, Whist replaced Ruff and Honours as the standard. Around 1728, gentlemen played the game using scientific principles in London. Edmond Hoyle published a treatise on the game in 1742. This book served as the standard rules for one hundred years. Later, Henry Jones published a comprehensive guide under the name \"Cavendish.\"

Whist marker
Whist marker

\n\nScoring in Whist can be quite complex. A point is scored for each \"odd trick\" won by a pair. An odd trick is any trick won in excess of six. In America, the game was played to seven odd tricks. In Britain, \"Short Whist\" used a goal of five odd tricks. \"Long Whist\" required 9 or 10 odd tricks. Players could also earn bonuses through \"honours.\" Honours are the ace, king, queen, and jack of the trump suit. Holding all four honours could grant a two-trick bonus.

Tohanovertoken
Tohanovertoken

Some versions use physical whist markers to track these scores.\n\nPlayers use various tactics to gain an advantage. A common technique is the \"finesse.\" This involves playing a lower honour card instead of a higher one. The player hopes an intermediate honour has already been played. This allows the player to win a later trick with their higher card. Another tactic is the \"suit preference signal.\" A player might throw a low card of their strongest suit during discards. This signals information to their partner. Advanced players also manage their \"tenace." A tenace is a suit holding containing the highest and third-highest cards.

Drawing by Marguerite Martyn of Women's Whist Club Congress, 1906, St. Louis
Drawing by Marguerite Martyn of Women's Whist Club Congress, 1906, St. Louis

\n\nWhist is significant because it belongs to a massive family of games. It is a primary member of the triumph group. This group includes many modern variants. The \"Auction Whist\" group includes games like Bid Whist. Bid Whist is a popular partnership game among African Americans. The \"Boston\" group includes games like Solo Whist. There are also \"Exact Bidding\" games like Blob. Even games like Spades and Tarneeb share its fundamental mechanics. Whist remains a vital link in the evolution of card games.",

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File:Whist marker.jpg
Whist marker.jpg
File:Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women's_Whist_Club_Congress,_1906,_St._Louis.jpg
Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women's_Wh...
File:Tohanovertoken.png
Tohanovertoken.png
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