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Edmond Hoyle

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Edmond Hoyle was a highly influential English writer. He became famous for his detailed works on card games. His writings established clear rules for many different games. Because of his expertise, his name became a symbol of authority. People began using the phrase "according to Hoyle." This expression means doing something strictly according to the rules. Today, it can refer to any person or source seen as an authority.

Hoyle-backgammon
Hoyle-backgammon

Hoyle's success began with the game of whist. By 1741, he was tutoring members of high society. He first sold his students handwritten manuscript notes. In 1742, he expanded these notes into a book. It was titled "A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist." This small pamphlet sold for one guinea. That was a very high price at the time. The book sold out almost immediately.

Instead of printing more, Hoyle sold the rights to a bookseller. Francis Cogan bought the rights for 100 guineas. This was an enormous sum of money. However, the publication process faced many challenges. Two printers, using the names Webster and Webb, pirated the work. They published the book under the name "A Gentleman." This was done to hide their true identities. Cogan had to fight these pirates in court. He eventually obtained an injunction against them in 1743.

Hoyle-backgammon
Hoyle-backgammon

To protect his business, Cogan used a clever method. He paid Hoyle two pence for every copy. Hoyle would then autograph the genuine books. This helped buyers distinguish real books from the pirated ones. While the pirates made money, the situation was difficult for Cogan. He had to lower his prices to compete. Eventually, Cogan went bankrupt in 1745. Thomas Osborne later bought the copyrights and published them more successfully.

Hoyle was a very productive writer. He wrote about many different games and subjects. In 1743, he published a treatise on backgammon.

Hoyle-backgammon
Hoyle-backgammon

He also wrote on piquet, chess, and quadrille. In 1754, he wrote about probability theory. This subject involves the study of chance and math. He even wrote a book on chess in 1761. His work eventually replaced the older standard, "The Compleat Gamester," by Charles Cotton.

Hoyle-backgammon
Hoyle-backgammon

Hoyle's influence reached far beyond England. His books were translated into many continental languages. The first translation was into Portuguese in 1753. Other translations followed in German, French, and Italian. His work even reached Russia in 1769 and the Netherlands in 1790. In 1748, Osborne began selling a collected edition. This edition included all of Hoyle's major treatises. The fourteenth edition was published in 1765 during his life.

Hoyle-backgammon
Hoyle-backgammon

Hoyle's legacy continues in the modern world. He died in London in 1769 at the age of 97. In 1979, he was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. This is a surprising fact because poker was not invented until long after his death. In American English, a "Hoyle" can mean an authoritative rule book. This is similar to how people use the name "Baedeker" for travel guides. Many modern books even use the name "Hoyle" in their titles. These books are not always written by his descendants, but the name still represents the rules of the game.

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