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Richard Tarlton

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Richard Tarlton was a legendary English actor of the Elizabethan era.

Richard Tarleton
Richard Tarleton

He was the most famous clown of his time. Tarlton was a pioneer of mass entertainment. His unique style helped transform Elizabethan theater. His work paved the way for the later Shakespearean stage. He was highly skilled in many different arts. These included dancing, music, fencing, and writing. He even held the position of Groom of the Queen's Majesty's Chamber.

Tarlton's performance style was quite complex and original. He was the first actor to study natural fools and simpletons. He used these observations to add depth to his characters. His acting combined three distinct styles. He used the medieval Vice, which was a type of character. He also used the style of a professional minstrel. Finally, he acted like an amateur Lord of Misrule. This combination made his performances very engaging for audiences.

He was famous for a specific skill called extempore comic doggerel. This means he could make up funny, rhythmic verses on the spot. He often used subjects suggested by the audience members. These improvised rhymes became so well known they were called "Tarltons." During a play, he would even police hecklers. If someone shouted, he delivered a devastating rhyme to answer them. He often stayed after the play for battles of wits with the crowd.

Details about Tarlton's early life remain quite scarce. His father's first name is not recorded in history. His mother was named Katherine, but her maiden name is unknown. He had a sister named Helen. A writer named Thomas Fuller suggested Tarlton was born in Condover, Shropshire. He said Tarlton's father was a pig farmer there. The family reportedly moved to Ilford in Essex later on. Some traditions say he worked as a swineherd or a water-carrier in London.

Tarlton was a productive writer as well as a performer. In 1585, he wrote a play titled "The Seven Deadly Sins." Although it was very popular, no copies of it have survived. He also wrote several pamphlets starting in the 1570s. One notable example is "A True report of this earthquake in London," written in 1580. He also authored various jigs and ballads. His reputation was so great that it crossed social limits. At that time, many people viewed players as mere rogues.

His death on September 5, 1588, led to a massive wave of fame. Many jokes and songs were falsely attributed to him to make money. These collections were often published as "Tarlton's Jests." Some of these jokes were actually much older than Tarlton himself. Even after his death, his name was linked to many different titles. Some scholars suggest the character Yorick in Shakespeare's "Hamlet" was inspired by him. His fame continued to grow through these many publications.

In his final days, Tarlton's life showed both success and struggle. He lived in Drayton Manor House in Hanwell. This location is now known as Drayton Manor High School. One of his sons claimed Tarlton gambled away the entire family fortune. He left a will on September 3, 1588. In it, he entrusted his son, Philip, to his mother and friends. Tarlton died at the home of Emma Ball. He was buried the same day at St Leonard's in Shoreditch.

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