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Wheelbarrow

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A wheelbarrow is a small vehicle used to carry heavy loads.

2008-07-15 Construction wheelbarrow at Duke
2008-07-15 Construction wheelbarrow at Duke

It is usually pushed by one person using two handles. Most wheelbarrows have just one wheel to help them move. This design works as a second-class lever. This means the weight is shared between the wheel and the person. This makes it much easier to move bulky things. It is a very helpful tool for gardening and building work.

How a wheelbarrow works depends on where the wheel is placed.

Qingming Festival Detail 7
Qingming Festival Detail 7

Most modern wheelbarrows have a wheel at the front. This type is great for moving things in tight spaces. A two-wheel version is more stable on flat ground. In China, many traditional wheelbarrows had a central wheel. This central wheel supported the whole load. It could even carry six human passengers at once!

Woman seated in wheelbarrow pushed by men LCCN2004707920
Woman seated in wheelbarrow pushed by men LCCN2004707920

Some large Chinese wheelbarrows even used a sail to catch the wind.

Sail assisted wheelbarrows (2)
Sail assisted wheelbarrows (2)

History tells us that wheelbarrows have very old roots in China.

Wine shop, China, collected at Yihe, Pehgzhou City, Eastern Han dynasty, 25-220 AD, tomb tile - Sichuan Provincial Museum - Chengdu, China - DSC04779
Wine shop, China, collected at Yihe, Pehgzhou City, Eastern Han dynasty, 25-220 AD, tomb tile - Sichuan Provincial Museum - Chengdu, China - DSC04779

Evidence from the Han dynasty shows people using one-wheel carts. A mural in Chengdu, China, is dated to 118 AD. Another stone carving from Sichuan province dates to about 150 AD. Some stories even mention a "wooden ox" used for military supplies. The historian Chen Shou credited Prime Minister Zhuge Liang with this invention. He lived from 181 to 234 AD in the Shu Han state.

Wheelbarrows arrived in Europe much later than in China.

They appeared in Europe between 1170 and 1250. One record from 1222 shows the English king buying them for work. In the 1500s, people in Germany were using them too. Archaeologists found two old wooden wheelbarrows in Ingolstadt, Germany. These were made from trees cut down in the 1530s. While some think they were used in ancient Greece, there is no proof. Most experts believe the design spread from China to the rest of the world.

Today, we see many different kinds of wheelbarrows.

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q31235
Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q31235

They are usually made of metal or plastic. You might see a shallow tray for a gardener. A builder might use a heavy-duty version for construction.

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q28363
Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q28363

Some even have special tires filled with air or solid material. You can even find novelty versions that look like scooters!

Brouette Vespa
Brouette Vespa

Whether they are used on a farm or a building site, they remain important tools.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:2008-07-15 Construction wheelbarrow at Duke.jpg
2008-07-15 Construction wheelbarrow at Duke.jpg
File:Wine shop, China, collected at Yihe, Pehgzhou City, Eastern Han dynasty, 25-220 AD, tomb tile - Sichuan Provincial Museum - Chengdu, China - DSC04779.jpg
Wine shop, China, collected at Yihe,...
File:Qingming Festival Detail 7.jpg
Qingming Festival Detail 7.jpg
File:Woman seated in wheelbarrow pushed by men LCCN2004707920.jpg
Woman seated in wheelbarrow pushed by men...
File:Sail assisted wheelbarrows (2).jpg
Sail assisted wheelbarrows (2).jpg
File:Wheelbarrow of 1537 - Stadtmuseum Ingolstadt I.7089 - right- DSC 3000.jpg
Wheelbarrow of 1537 - Stadtmuseum...
File:Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q31235.jpg
Ministry of Information First World War...
File:Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Q28363.jpg
Ministry of Information First World War...
File:Brouette Vespa.jpg
Brouette Vespa.jpg
File:Black wheelbarrow.jpg
Black wheelbarrow.jpg
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