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Wet nurse

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another person's child.

A Russian wet nurse, c. 1913
A Russian wet nurse, c. 1913

This job is very important when a mother cannot nurse her baby. A mother might be too sick to produce milk. Sometimes, medical treatments can stop a woman from making milk too. In the past, wet nursing could save a baby's life. This was true before people invented reliable formula milk in the 20th century.

Some people even call children who are wet-nursed "milk-siblings."

How does a woman become a wet nurse? She must be lactating, which means her body is producing milk. People used to think a woman had to have a baby recently to do this. However, regular breast stimulation can trigger a reflex in the body. This reflex causes the production and release of a substance called prolactin.

Walcourt - Parclose - Satire d'une nourice
Walcourt - Parclose - Satire d'une nourice

Some women can even use a breast pump to start making milk. This allows them to feed an infant even if they have not given birth. This way of working helps babies get the food they need to grow.

Wet nursing is an ancient practice found in many cultures.

4796 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Stele di Lucio Nutrio Gallo (sec. I) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011
4796 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Stele di Lucio Nutrio Gallo (sec. I) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011

In ancient Rome, wealthy families often hired wet nurses from among their slaves. Some Roman women even made a profession out of it. There was even a place called the Columna Lactaria where people might hire a nurse. In Greek mythology, a woman named Eurycleia was the wet nurse of Odysseus. The Bible also mentions a nurse named Deborah who cared for Rebekah.

History shows how this job changed in different places.

Visite Chez la Nourrice (Visit to the Wetnurse) (from Journal l'Artiste) MET DP841080
Visite Chez la Nourrice (Visit to the Wetnurse) (from Journal l'Artiste) MET DP841080

In the United Kingdom during the 1700s, wet nursing was very common. A wet nurse could earn more money than a man working as a labourer. In France during the 1780s, only 1,000 out of 21,000 babies were nursed by their own mothers.

The bureau of wet nurses in Paris - wet nurses waiting to be Wellcome V0015043
The bureau of wet nurses in Paris - wet nurses waiting to be Wellcome V0015043

In the Victorian era, some women practiced "baby-farming." This was when they took in babies for money, but sometimes the care was poor.

Today, the way we feed babies is very different.

An infant who has been living with a wet-nurse being taken a Wellcome V0015113
An infant who has been living with a wet-nurse being taken a Wellcome V0015113

In the mid-19th century, medical journalists began writing about the dangers of wet nursing. They worried about high death rates and how it affected families. Because of these concerns, the practice began to decline in many places. Most people now use formula or nurse their own babies. However, the practice has seen a small comeback in the 21st century.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Louis XIV as an infant with his nurse Longuet de la Giraudiere.jpg
Louis XIV as an infant with his nurse...
File:Walcourt - Parclose - Satire d'une nourice.JPG
Walcourt - Parclose - Satire d'une nourice.JPG
File:A Russian wet nurse, c. 1913.jpg
A Russian wet nurse, c. 1913.jpg
File:4796 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Stele di Lucio Nutrio Gallo (sec. I) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011.jpg
4796 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Stele di...
File:Catherine Willoughby exiled.jpg
Catherine Willoughby exiled.jpg
File:The bureau of wet nurses in Paris - wet nurses waiting to be Wellcome V0015043.jpg
The bureau of wet nurses in Paris - wet...
File:Wet Nurse.png
Wet Nurse.png
File:Visite Chez la Nourrice (Visit to the Wetnurse) (from Journal l'Artiste) MET DP841080.jpg
Visite Chez la Nourrice (Visit to the...
File:An infant who has been living with a wet-nurse being taken a Wellcome V0015113.jpg
An infant who has been living with a...
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