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West Sulawesi

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West Sulawesi is a province located in Indonesia. It occupies the western side of Sulawesi island, which was formerly called Celebes. The province covers a total land area of 16,590.67 square kilometers. Its administrative capital is the town of Mamuju.

Kantor Gubernur Sulawesi Barat
Kantor Gubernur Sulawesi Barat

The province is divided into six distinct regencies, known as kabupaten. These are Polewali Mandar, Mamasa, Majene, Mamuju, Central Mamuju, and Pasangkayu. The Central Mamuju Regency was officially created on 14 December 2012, when it was separated from the existing Mamuju Regency.

The geography of West Sulawesi is defined by its surrounding waters and landforms. To the west, the province meets the Makassar Strait. The Pacific Ocean lies to the south. On the eastern side, West Sulawesi shares land borders with the provinces of South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi. The province also maintains maritime borders with East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan to the west.

Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in West Sulawesi, 2001-2024
Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in West Sulawesi, 2001-2024

Within the province, the Gandang Dewata National Park forms a central feature. This park is centered around the Gandang Dewata mountain.

Water plays a vital role in the landscape through two major rivers. The Karama River is one of the primary rivers that drain the province. The second major river is the Lariang River. The Lariang River rises in the Donggala Regency of Central Sulawesi. It flows to form part of the border between Central Sulawesi and West Sulawesi. Eventually, the river enters the Makassar Strait just past the town of Lariang. Some maps now refer to the entire length of this river as the Pebatua.

West Sulawesi is also home to the Balabalagan Islands, located in the Mamuju Regency. These islands rest upon a coral reef. This reef is positioned on an undersea bank that extends from Kalimantan. This geological feature presents a significant hazard to navigation. The Admiralty Pilot has issued warnings that no vessel should enter these waters without local knowledge. This makes the maritime area around the islands a complex environment for sailors.

The region holds immense historical significance due to prehistoric discoveries. On 11 December 2019, a research team led by Dr. Maxime Aubert announced a major finding. They discovered hunting scenes in the Leang Bulu’ Sipong 4 limestone cave. These depictions of hunting a pig and a buffalo are more than 44,000 years old. Archaeologists determined this age using scientific methods. They analyzed calcite "popcorn" and different isotope levels of radioactive uranium and thorium. These findings represent some of the oldest hunting art in the world.

Demographics and the economy reflect a diverse and growing population. The economy relies mainly on mining, agriculture, and fishing. In the 2010 census, the population was 1,158,651 people. By mid-2025, the official estimate grew to 1,525,335 people. This population includes 772,667 males and 752,668 females. Religious practices vary significantly across the different regencies. For example, Majene is 99.75% Muslim, while Mamasa is 70.80% Protestant. Other religions including Catholic, Hindu, Buddhism, and Confucianism are also present in the province.

Transportation in West Sulawesi requires careful planning due to limited infrastructure. There is no rail transport available in the province. Furthermore, there are no national or state highways. Most roads consist of unpaved dirt tracks. For air travel, there are two airports: Sumarorong Airport in Mamasa Regency and Tampa Padang Airport in Mamuju Regency. For larger international connections, travelers must use the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar. This airport is located a 9.5-hour drive from the capital city of Mamuju. This distance and the road conditions make travel a significant undertaking.

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File:Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year in West Sulawesi, 2001-2024.png
Global Forest Change tree-cover loss year...
File:Kantor Gubernur Sulawesi Barat.jpg
Kantor Gubernur Sulawesi Barat.jpg
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