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Webster's Dictionary

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Webster's Dictionary refers to a family of English language dictionaries. These works began with the research of Noah Webster in the early 19th century. Webster was a famous American lexicographer, which is a person who studies and writes dictionaries. His work helped establish a unique identity for American English. Today, the name "Webster's" is a genericized trademark in the United States. This means the name is used widely to describe many different English dictionaries.

American Dictionary of the English Language 1828
American Dictionary of the English Language 1828

Noah Webster spent decades researching how words are used. His first major work was the *A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language* in 1806. He did not just list common words. He included technical terms from the arts and the sciences. Webster also wanted to simplify English spelling for nationalistic and philological reasons. He chose spellings like "center" instead of "centre" and "color" instead of "colour." While he did not invent these spellings, he was very influential in making them the standard in America.

Merriam Webster's stationery
Merriam Webster's stationery

In 1828, at age 70, Webster published his most famous work. This was the *American Dictionary of the English Language*. It was published in two large quarto volumes. This edition contained 70,000 entries, which was much larger than previous dictionaries. Each set originally cost $20, which is about $647.73 in today's money. Sales were slow at first due to the high price. Webster lowered the price to $15, which is about $485.80 today. This change helped the edition sell out by 1836.

Webster continued his work even in his later years. In 1841, at age 82, he published a second edition. He worked on this version with his son, William G. Webster. This new edition was printed in a smaller octavo format. It included the entire vocabulary of the previous version plus several thousand new words. It also featured a long dissertation on the history and connection of European and Western Asian languages.

Webster collegiate 11
Webster collegiate 11

After Noah Webster died in 1843, his work passed to new hands. His heirs sold unbound sheets of the 1841 edition to a firm in Massachusetts. This firm published a small number of copies in 1844. One famous user of this 1844 edition was the poet Emily Dickinson. She called the lexicon her "only companion" for many years. She studied the book with intense absorption, much like a priest studies a breviary.

1896 Merriam ad BradleyHisBook v2 no1
1896 Merriam ad BradleyHisBook v2 no1

Eventually, the Merriam brothers acquired the rights to Webster's work. In 1845, they published the first dictionary with a Merriam imprint. They continued to expand the dictionary's reach and depth. In 1864, they released the *Unabridged* edition, edited by Noah Porter. This version contained 114,000 entries and was a major overhaul of Webster's original work. It even corrected some of Webster's earlier ideas about the history of language.

WebstersDictionaryAdvertisement1910
WebstersDictionaryAdvertisement1910

The influence of these dictionaries spread far beyond the United States. In 1850, a British editor used Webster's work to create *The Imperial Dictionary*. This version added many British and specialized words, growing the vocabulary to over 100,000. By the late 1800s, the *Unabridged* edition had achieved international fame. James Murray, the editor of the *Oxford English Dictionary*, called it a leading authority. It was respected as a top source for word meanings in America, England, and even the Far East.

Webster collegiate 11
Webster collegiate 11
545 words

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American Dictionary of the English...
File:1896 Merriam ad BradleyHisBook v2 no1.png
1896 Merriam ad BradleyHisBook v2 no1.png
File:WebstersDictionaryAdvertisement1910.jpg
WebstersDictionaryAdvertisement1910.jpg
File:Webster collegiate 11.jpg
Webster collegiate 11.jpg
File:Merriam Webster's stationery.jpg
Merriam Webster's stationery.jpg
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