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Viridian

physical science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Viridian is a beautiful blue-green color. It looks like the bright green of spring. This color is a pigment, which is a substance used to make paint. It is a hydrated chromium(III) oxide. This means it is a type of chromium oxide that contains water. The color is dark in value and has medium saturation. It is also a transparent color.

Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And Phthalocyanine Green(Pigment Green 7) (Right) Gouache
Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And Phthalocyanine Green(Pigment Green 7) (Right) Gouache

Making this pigment is a specific way of working with chemicals. In 1859, a chemist named C. E. Guignet found a way to make it cheaper. He used a process called calcining. This means heating a mixture of boric acid and potassium bichromate. After the heating was done, he washed the material. This new method helped the color reach many more people.

Chromium(III)-oxide-sample
Chromium(III)-oxide-sample

History tells us that the color was first made in Paris in 1838. A chemist named Pannetier and his assistant Binet created it. At first, the way they made it was very secret and expensive. By 1849, the company Winsor and Newton listed it in their catalogue. The famous artist J. M. W. Turner used it as early as 1840. The name comes from the Latin word "viridis," which means green.

Fritz Bamberger - Ansicht der Sierra Nevada - 11627 - Bavarian State Painting Collections
Fritz Bamberger - Ansicht der Sierra Nevada - 11627 - Bavarian State Painting Collections

There are many interesting facts about how viridian behaves. It is a very durable and permanent pigment for artists. It can stay safe in heat up to 260 °C. However, it is not good for use in ceramic glazes. Pure viridian is quite hard and can separate in tubes. Adding a little barium sulfate helps it spread easily.

You can find viridian in many places in our world. Many famous painters used it in their work. Claude Monet used it for grass in his 1877 painting. Pierre-Auguste Renoir used it in his 1919 painting called "Flowers." Even the BBC used it as a signature color for many years. You might even see it on a car, like the "Viridian Joule" Chevrolet.

Claude Monet - Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare - Google Art Project
Claude Monet - Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare - Google Art Project
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Chromium(III)-oxide-sample.jpg
Chromium(III)-oxide-sample.jpg
File:Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And Phthalocyanine Green(Pigment Green 7) (Right) Gouache.jpg
Viridian(Pigment Green 18) (Left) And...
File:Fritz_Bamberger_-_Ansicht_der_Sierra_Nevada_-_11627_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg
Fritz_Bamberger_-_Ansicht_der_Sierra_Nevad...
File:Claude Monet - Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare - Google Art Project.jpg
Claude Monet - Arrival of the Normandy...
File:Renoir_-_Flowers,_1915-1919,_DMA_1957.64.jpg
Renoir_-_Flowers,_1915-1919,_DMA_1957.64.jpg
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