Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

Videotelephony

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Videotelephony is the simultaneous two-way transmission of audio and video signals.

This technology allows people to see and hear each other in real time, regardless of their physical location. It is commonly known by several names, including video calling, videoconferencing, or telepresence. While video calling usually refers to person-to-person communication, videoconferencing often implies group communication. Telepresence is an advanced form of this technology. Its specific goal is to create a high-quality illusion. This illusion makes remote participants feel as if they are sitting in the same room.

Tandberg Image Gallery - telepresence-t3-side-view-hires
Tandberg Image Gallery - telepresence-t3-side-view-hires

The mechanism of videotelephony relies on the efficient movement of data. In the early days, simple analog systems used closed-circuit television. These systems connected two units via radio or coaxial cables.

USB webcam for PC
USB webcam for PC

However, sending raw video is difficult because it requires immense bandwidth. Bandwidth is the capacity of a network to carry data. To solve this, engineers developed video codecs. A codec is a tool used for video compression. Compression shrinks the size of the video data so it can travel over existing networks. For example, the H.261 standard was a practical coding method for online use.

Today, powerful CPUs and high-speed internet allow smartphones to provide high-quality color service almost anywhere.

There are several distinct categories of videotelephony based on their use. Videophones were the original standalone devices meant for person-to-person calls.

TANDBERG E20
TANDBERG E20

As computers and smartphones became more capable, the need for separate videophone hardware largely disappeared. Another category is videoconferencing, which focuses on connecting multiple people for meetings or education. A third type is telepresence, which uses high-end technology to mimic physical presence. There were also early "image phones." These devices did not show live video but exchanged still images every few seconds over standard telephone lines.

The history of this technology spans over a century. The concept was first conceived in the late 1870s in both Europe and the United States.

Bell telephone magazine (1922) (14756466975)
Bell telephone magazine (1922) (14756466975)

However, the science required for actual trials took fifty years to develop. The first public demonstration occurred in April 1930 in New York City. AT&T linked its headquarters on Broadway to a Bell Laboratories building on West Street. In 1954, the Filipino scientist Gregorio Y. Zara invented the first videophone.

Gregorio Y. Zara
Gregorio Y. Zara

Because of his pioneering work, he is recognized as the Father of Videoconferencing. In 1970, AT&T launched the Picturephone as the first commercial personal system.

1969 AT&T Picturephone Model 2 at the Early Television Museum June 2022
1969 AT&T Picturephone Model 2 at the Early Television Museum June 2022

Unfortunately, the Picturephone was a commercial failure. It suffered from high subscription costs and a lack of interoperability between different systems.

Technological leaps in the 1980s and 1990s changed everything. In 1984, Concept Communication created a circuit board for personal computers. This device doubled the video frame rate from 15 to 30 frames per second. It also dropped the cost from $100,000 down to $12,000.

GoogleHangoutsMeeting
GoogleHangoutsMeeting

By 1992, the CU-SeeMe software was developed at Cornell University. The late 1990s saw the release of the Kyocera VP-210.

Kyocera VP-210 CP+ 2011
Kyocera VP-210 CP+ 2011

This was the first mobile color videophone. It featured a 5 cm color display capable of showing 65,000 colors. In 2005, Lifesize displayed the first high-definition systems. These provided video at 1280 by 720 resolution at 30 frames per second.

Polycom VSX 7000 with 2 video conferencing screens
Polycom VSX 7000 with 2 video conferencing screens

Videotelephony has many significant applications in the real world. It is used for sign language transmission to help deaf and speech-impaired people.

Video interpreter
Video interpreter

It is vital for distance education, allowing students to learn from remote locations.

American, Indonesian Students Link Hands Via Distance Learning
American, Indonesian Students Link Hands Via Distance Learning

In medicine, telemedicine allows doctors to treat patients from afar. News organizations also use mobile links to satellites to broadcast from distant places. Even extreme adventurers use it. In 2013, Daniel Hughes made a video call from the 8,848-meter summit of Mount Everest. He used a smartphone with a BGAN satellite modem to reach the BBC.

Finally, we can see how this technology connects to broader social and psychological topics. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a massive surge in usage. For instance, Zoom added more subscribers in the first two months of 2020 than in all of 2019. However, this widespread use has led to "Zoom fatigue." This term describes the psychological and physiological exhaustion caused by long video calls. Research suggests that using the camera or seeing one's own "self-view" may contribute to this fatigue. Despite these challenges, the technology continues to evolve through new mobile collaboration systems and portable hardware.

721 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Video interpreter.svg
Video interpreter.svg
File:1969 AT&T Picturephone Model 2 at the Early Television Museum June 2022.jpg
1969 AT&T Picturephone Model 2 at the...
File:GoogleHangoutsMeeting.jpg
GoogleHangoutsMeeting.jpg
File:American, Indonesian Students Link Hands Via Distance Learning.jpg
American, Indonesian Students Link Hands...
File:Teliris VL Modular.JPG
Teliris VL Modular.JPG
File:Tandberg Image Gallery - telepresence-t3-side-view-hires.jpg
Tandberg Image Gallery -...
File:Polycom VSX 7000 with 2 video conferencing screens.JPG
Polycom VSX 7000 with 2 video...
File:USB webcam for PC.jpg
USB webcam for PC.jpg
File:TANDBERG E20.jpg
TANDBERG E20.jpg
File:Bildtelefon T-View 100.JPG
Bildtelefon T-View 100.JPG
File:Video Call.jpg
Video Call.jpg
File:Bell telephone magazine (1922) (14756466975).jpg
Bell telephone magazine (1922) (14756466975).jpg

+ 6 more

More to explore

🔗 What's this?

Concepts mentioned in this article

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.