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Video art

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Video art is a unique art form that utilizes video technology as both a visual and audio medium. Unlike theatrical cinema, it does not always follow traditional rules of storytelling. A video art piece might lack actors, dialogue, or a clear plot. Instead, it focuses on the possibilities of moving images and sound. Artists display these works in many ways. They might create installations in museums or galleries. They may stream works online or distribute them on DVDs and video tapes. Some performances even use multiple television sets or projections to show live or recorded images.

Joan Jonas Vertical Roll
Joan Jonas Vertical Roll

The creation of video art involves various technical mechanisms. In the early years, artists relied heavily on analog video tape. This was the primary recording technology used until the 1990s. As digital recording equipment arrived, artists began exploring digital technology for new forms of expression. Some artists used video synthesizers to create abstract works. Others used electronic mixers to manipulate signals. For example, Peter Campus created a piece called Double Vision. He combined video signals from two Sony Portapaks through a mixer. This process resulted in a distorted and radically dissonant image.

Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera

Artists have developed distinct types of video works throughout the medium's history. One type is the multi-channel installation, which uses several monitors or screens. An early example is Wipe Cycle by Ira Schneider and Frank Gillette. This work used nine television screens to alternate between live images of visitors and commercial footage. Another type is the video intervention, where artists use existing broadcast systems. In 1971, Valie Export's "Facing a Family" was broadcast on Austrian television. It showed a family eating dinner to create a mirroring effect for the audience. In the UK, David Hall performed "TV Interruptions" on Scottish TV without announcement.

Joan Jonas Vertical Roll
Joan Jonas Vertical Roll

The history of video art is tied to the availability of consumer technology. Before consumer video equipment, moving image production required 16mm or 8mm film. This was mostly non-commercial. The introduction of the Sony Portapak changed everything. Nam June Paik is widely considered a pioneer of the field. In the autumn of 1965, Paik used his Portapak to film Pope Paul VI's procession in New York City. He played the footage in a Greenwich Village cafe that same day. This event is often cited as the moment video art was born.

Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera

During its heyday in the 1970s, video art saw significant growth in specific locations. In New York City, a place called The Kitchen served as a nexus for young artists. It was founded in 1972 by Steina and Woody Vasulka. On the West Coast, Willoughby Sharp led the "Videoviews" series starting in 1970. This series featured recorded dialogues with many different artists. In Europe, specialized institutions like the ZKM in Karlsruhe began integrating digital technology. These institutions helped establish video art as a serious field of study and exhibition.

Frankfurt Medien Denkmal
Frankfurt Medien Denkmal

As technology evolved, the scale and complexity of video art increased. By the 1980s and 1990s, cheaper editing software allowed more people to participate. This era saw the rise of artists who used Handycams to film more directly. New festivals emerged to celebrate the medium, such as Ars Electronica in Linz. In the 2000s, video art became a major part of international contemporary art exhibitions. Between 2000 and 2015, more than one-third of the works at Art Unlimited were video installations. Artists like Pipilotti Rist and Bill Viola became well-known for their large-scale works.

Video art often connects to other disciplines, such as performance art. This combination is sometimes called media and performance art. Artists use the camera to document or even act as the audience for a performance. For instance, Marina Abramovic and Ulay experimented with video in the 1970s and 1980s. Their 1980 piece "Rest energy" lasted 4 minutes and 10 seconds. It involved a display of complete trust between the two performers. Today, video art continues to expand into new media art. It now includes 3D imagery, interactivity, and internet-based works.

Frankfurt Medien Denkmal
Frankfurt Medien Denkmal
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File:Frankfurt Medien Denkmal.jpg
Frankfurt Medien Denkmal.jpg
File:Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg
Sony AV-3400 Porta Pak Camera.jpg
File:Joan Jonas Vertical Roll.jpg
Joan Jonas Vertical Roll.jpg
File:Video by Glib Viches. Reconstructions.1995.jpg
Video by Glib Viches. Reconstructions.1995.jpg
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