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Utrecht (province)

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Utrecht is a province located in the center of the Netherlands.

Vanaf Weerdsluis
Vanaf Weerdsluis

It is the second smallest province in the country by land area. As of January 2023, the province had a population of approximately 1,388,000 people. It is surrounded by several other Dutch provinces and water bodies. To the north and north-west, it borders North Holland. The Eemmeer is located to the north-east. To the east and south-east, it meets Gelderland. Finally, South Holland borders the province to the west and south-west.

The geography of Utrecht is quite diverse. In the east, you will find the Utrecht Hill Ridge, known in Dutch as the Utrechtse Heuvelrug. This is a chain of hills created by lateral moraine. This term refers to debris left by tongues of glacial ice during the Saline glaciation. Because the sandy soil drains quickly, it lacks many nutrients. As a result, much of the former heathland has been replaced by pine plantations.

Blauwe kamer vanaf de Grebbedijk1
Blauwe kamer vanaf de Grebbedijk1

The south of the province features a river landscape. The west consists mostly of meadows. In the north, large lakes exist where peat was once dug from bogs. These lakes are popular for water sports, fishing, and boating.

The history of the region began with the Bishopric of Utrecht in 695. This happened when Saint Willibrord was consecrated as bishop of the Frisians in Rome. He settled in an old Roman fort located in Utrecht. After his death, Viking incursions caused the diocese to suffer. However, the Saxon emperors later provided more stability. In 1024, the bishops became Princes of the Holy Roman Empire. This created the new Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht. The Concordat of Worms in 1122 changed how bishops were chosen. It gave the cathedral chapter the right to elect them, though they had to share this right with four other chapters.

Political disputes often shaped the province's past. The Counts of Holland and Guelders both wanted influence over the election of the bishop. This led to frequent interference from the Holy See. After the middle of the 14th century, popes began appointing bishops directly. During the Hook and Cod Wars, the Duke of Burgundy fought for control. This resulted in the First Utrecht Civil War from 1470 to 1474 and the Second Utrecht Civil War from 1481 to 1483. In 1527, the Bishop sold his secular authority to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. This made the territory part of the Habsburg dominions. Later, in 1579, Utrecht joined the Dutch Revolt against Philip II and became part of the Dutch Republic.

Modern Utrecht has seen several administrative changes. In 1970, Oudewater moved from South Holland to Utrecht. Woerden followed in 1989, Vianen in 2002, and Leerdam in 2019.

Wulperhorst
Wulperhorst

The province is currently divided into 26 municipalities. These include Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal, and Zeist. The capital city is Utrecht, which contains Utrecht Centraal. This is the busiest railway station in the entire Netherlands. In February 2011, Utrecht discussed a potential merger with North Holland and Flevoland. This would create a single Randstad province. Such a province would be the largest in the Netherlands by both area and population.

The province is an important center for nature and the economy. The Vechtstreek, or Vecht region, is a beautiful area on both sides of the Vecht river. International organizations have offices here, such as the WWF in Zeist. The national group Natuur en Milieu is also based in Utrecht city. Economically, the province is very strong. In 2018, its Gross domestic product (GDP) was 71.5 billion €. This represented 9.2% of the total economic output of the Netherlands. The GDP per capita was 47,900 €, which was 159% of the EU27 average.

Utrecht is also a place of diverse people and culture. In 2020, many citizens had parents from countries like Morocco, Indonesia, or Turkey. Religion in the province is varied as well. In 2015, about 20.3% of people were Protestant and 13.2% were Roman Catholic. More than half of the population, or 54.3%, identified as non-religious. The province even has a de facto anthem called "Langs de Vecht en d'oude Rijnstroom." This song was written in 1952 by Jan Küppers. It honors the Vecht and Old Rhine rivers and mentions Saint Willibrord.

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File:Vanaf Weerdsluis.JPG
Vanaf Weerdsluis.JPG
File:Wulperhorst.JPG
Wulperhorst.JPG
File:Blauwe kamer vanaf de Grebbedijk1.jpg
Blauwe kamer vanaf de Grebbedijk1.jpg
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