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Umm Kulthum

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Umm Kulthum was a legendary Egyptian singer and film actress.

Um Kulthum5
Um Kulthum5

She is considered the most distinguished singer of the 20th century in the Arab world. Many people call her "The Voice of Egypt" or "Egypt's Fourth Pyramid." These titles show her massive importance to her nation. She was a national icon throughout the Middle East and beyond. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked her at number 61 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. Her legacy continues to influence music and culture today.

Om kathom
Om kathom

Her journey began in the village of Tamay al-Zahayra in the Dakahlia Governorate.

أم كلثوم و أبيها
أم كلثوم و أبيها

Her father, Ibrahim es-Sayyid el-Beltagi, was a rural imam. She learned to sing by listening to him teach her brother. As a child, she recited the Qur'an and reportedly memorized the entire book. Because singing was often seen as unacceptable for girls in the countryside, her father dressed her in boys' clothes for performances. This included a boy's cloak and a Bedouin head covering. By age 12, she joined her family's musical ensemble as a supporting voice. At 16, she began studying the classical Arabic repertoire under Mohamed Abo Al-Ela.

Young Oum Kalthoum
Young Oum Kalthoum

In the early 1920s, Umm Kulthum moved to Cairo to grow her career.

Umm Kalthoum Jerusalem poster
Umm Kalthoum Jerusalem poster

She learned to play the oud, which is a type of lute. She collaborated with many famous figures to refine her craft. The poet Ahmed Rami became a major mentor in Arabic literature. He wrote 137 songs specifically for her. She also worked with many great composers. These included Mohamed El Qasabgi, Zakaria Ahmed, Riad El Sunbati, Baligh Hamdi, and Mohammed Abdel Wahab. Her music combined modern aesthetics with classical artistry. She was known for her powerful contralto voice and her ability to perform long, complex songs.

Egyptian Music
Egyptian Music

Umm Kulthum's career had several distinct musical stages and styles. She mastered the Muwashshah, which is a specific type of Arabic poetic form. Her repertoire grew to include taqatiq, which are lighthearted love songs. She also performed monologues, which were dramatic songs about romantic loss. In the 1930s, her style became more romantic and modern. Her compositions began incorporating European instruments like the violoncello and the double bass. She also used musical harmony in her performances. One of her most famous celebratory songs is "Ya Leilet El Eid." This song is still performed during Eid festivities today.

Kulthum singing in Dananir
Kulthum singing in Dananir

Her professional success was marked by significant financial and social milestones. In 1924, she signed with Odeon Records. By 1926, she moved to His Master's Voice. This new contract paid her double per record plus a $10,000 salary. She became one of the highest-paid musical artists in Egypt. In 1932, she performed under the patronage of King Fuad I. This event helped silence her critics. In 1934, she sang for the first broadcast of the Egyptian Radio. For forty years, she performed a concert on the first Thursday of every month. In 1944, King Farouk I gave her the Order of the Virtues. This decoration was usually reserved for female royalty and politicians.

EGY - Order of the Virtues - Supreme and first classes
EGY - Order of the Virtues - Supreme and first classes

Umm Kulthum used her fame to serve her country during difficult times.

Umm Kulthum Paris 1
Umm Kulthum Paris 1

After the 1967 war, she performed concerts in Arab and European countries. She used the slogan "Art for the War Effort" to raise funds. She continued this work until shortly before the 1973 war. Even when her health was poor, she visited soldiers who were wounded in war. She attended victory celebrations and received a letter of gratitude from President Anwar Sadat. She also supported the Egyptian legion during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War by singing for them. Her public persona was seen as authentically Egyptian and rooted in working-class traditions.

Sadat-Umm Kulthum
Sadat-Umm Kulthum

Her passing in 1975 was a massive event for the entire nation.

Umm Kulthum funeral
Umm Kulthum funeral

Her funeral in Cairo drew over 4 million people. This was the largest human gathering in Egypt's history. It was also one of the largest funerals in world history. Today, her influence is preserved in the Umm Kulthum Museum in Cairo. Visitors can see her personal belongings and learn about her life there. Her songs are still broadcast and studied by many people. She remains a symbol of Egyptian identity and a major cultural icon.

Oum Kalsoum Monument Zamalek Cairo Jan-2006
Oum Kalsoum Monument Zamalek Cairo Jan-2006
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🖼️ Images & Media (24)
File:أم كلثوم و أبيها.jpg
أم كلثوم و أبيها.jpg
File:Umm Kalthoum Jerusalem poster.jpg
Umm Kalthoum Jerusalem poster.jpg
File:Young Oum Kalthoum.jpg
Young Oum Kalthoum.jpg
File:Om kathom.jpg
Om kathom.jpg
File:Egyptian Music.jpg
Egyptian Music.jpg
File:أم كلثوم في ١٩٤٦.jpg
أم كلثوم في ١٩٤٦.jpg
File:Umm_Kulthum_Paris_1.jpg
Umm_Kulthum_Paris_1.jpg
File:Umm_Kulthum_1969.jpg
Umm_Kulthum_1969.jpg
File:Sadat-Umm Kulthum.jpg
Sadat-Umm Kulthum.jpg
File:Umm Kulthum funeral.jpg
Umm Kulthum funeral.jpg
File:Nasser-Umm Kulthum-Sadat.jpg
Nasser-Umm Kulthum-Sadat.jpg
File:Oum Kalsoum Monument Zamalek Cairo Jan-2006.jpg
Oum Kalsoum Monument Zamalek Cairo Jan-2006.jpg

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