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Twilight

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Twilight is the special light we see when the Sun is below the horizon. Even though the Sun is hidden, the sky stays lit up. This happens because sunlight hits the upper atmosphere and scatters in many directions. This scattered light shines down on the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.

Twilight December 30, 2016
Twilight December 30, 2016

As the Sun sinks lower, the sky becomes much dimmer. When the Sun reaches 18° below the horizon, the light is nearly gone. At that point, evening twilight ends and nighttime begins.

Twilight subcategories
Twilight subcategories

Scientists divide twilight into three main stages based on the Sun's position. The first stage is civil twilight, which occurs when the Sun is between 0° and 6° below the horizon. During this time, there is enough light for most outdoor activities without using lamps. You can clearly see the horizon and even the brightest planets like Venus.

Blue hour twilight in the Mojave desert, California 2017
Blue hour twilight in the Mojave desert, California 2017

The next stage is nautical twilight, when the Sun is between 6° and 12° below the horizon. Sailors can still see the horizon to help them navigate by the stars. However, people usually need artificial lights to see objects on the ground clearly.

The third stage is astronomical twilight, which happens when the Sun is between 12° and 18° below the horizon. The sky is quite dark during this period. It is dark enough for astronomers to observe many stars and point sources of light.

Landers in the Mojave Desert at dusk, looking west from Joshua Tree, California USA
Landers in the Mojave Desert at dusk, looking west from Joshua Tree, California USA

However, very faint items like some galaxies might still be hard to see. Once the Sun sinks past 18°, the astronomical twilight ends and it is truly night. This transition is very important for people who study the deep sky.

Different parts of the world experience twilight in different ways. People living near the Equator see twilight twice every single day.

Twilight latitudes world map
Twilight latitudes world map

However, near the North and South Poles, things change during the summer. At latitudes greater than about 48°34', twilight can actually last from sunset all the way to sunrise. This happens near the summer solstice, which is June 21st in the North and December 21st in the South. In some northern places, this long twilight is even called a "white night."

Twilight is a very important time for many different groups of people. Photographers and painters love it because it creates a beautiful "blue hour."

Top of Rock Cropped
Top of Rock Cropped

During this time, objects often look like dark silhouettes against a bright sky. Animals that are most active during these times are called crepuscular. Even the military uses these stages to plan their work. They use special names like BMNT for the start of morning nautical twilight. These names help everyone know exactly how much light is left in the sky.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Twilight description full day.svg
Twilight description full day.svg
File:Twilight-dawn subcategories.svg
Twilight-dawn subcategories.svg
File:Twilight subcategories.svg
Twilight subcategories.svg
File:Twilight December 30, 2016.jpg
Twilight December 30, 2016.jpg
File:Top of Rock Cropped.jpg
Top of Rock Cropped.jpg
File:Blue hour twilight in the Mojave desert, California 2017.jpg
Blue hour twilight in the Mojave desert,...
File:Twilight Toronto across Lake Ontario51km with ship5-10km.jpg
Twilight Toronto across Lake Ontario51km...
File:Twilight in Landers.jpg
Twilight in Landers.jpg
File:PanoSantPere.jpg
PanoSantPere.jpg
File:Landers in the Mojave Desert at dusk, looking west from Joshua Tree, California USA.jpg
Landers in the Mojave Desert at dusk,...
File:Moonrise over kuala lumpur.jpg
Moonrise over kuala lumpur.jpg
File:Twilight latitudes world map.svg
Twilight latitudes world map.svg

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