Nepedia
Back to Discover
Fluent Reader
📖

Tribe

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A tribe is a way to describe a social group of people.

Afghan men of the Alizay Kulay village in Kandahar Province
Afghan men of the Alizay Kulay village in Kandahar Province

Scientists who study humans call this field anthropology. They use the word tribe to talk about groups that share many things. These groups might share a language or a religion. They might also share a common place where they live. Some members belong to the same family or clan. Membership can be based on many different cultural practices. This makes the word very important for understanding how people live together.

Anthropologists use different systems to group these societies. One person named Elman Service created a famous way to classify them. He looked at how much power leaders had. First, he described small bands of hunter-gatherers. These groups are usually equal and do not have big leaders. Next, he described tribal societies with some social rank. Then came stratified tribal societies led by chieftains. Finally, he described civilizations with complex governments and hierarchies.

Isolierte-Völker
Isolierte-Völker

People have used the word tribe for a very long time. The word comes from Middle English and Latin roots. Some think it might even come from a very old language called Proto-Indo-European. The term was very common in anthropology until the 1960s. Today, many scholars find the word difficult to use. This is because every group of people is unique. Some groups might share a language but belong to different tribes. Others might follow different leaders but still be part of one group.

There are many real-world examples of tribal groups today.

War on the Plains Comanche vs Osage by George Catlin 1834
War on the Plains Comanche vs Osage by George Catlin 1834

In the United States, Native American tribes have a special legal status. They are called domestic dependent nations. They have a direct relationship with the federal government. In India, some groups are called Scheduled Tribes. This gives them reserved seats in the government and special protections. In Yemen, there are about 200 to 400 tribes. The Pashtun people form a very large tribal society with 60 million members.

Isolierte-Völker
Isolierte-Völker

Tribes are not just things from the ancient past. Many tribes have changed to survive in a modern world. Some groups formed new structures to defend themselves against growing states. Others were formed by states to help manage large areas of land. This is what a scholar named Morton Fried called secondary tribes. Most tribes today are no longer isolated from the rest of the world. They must work with modern laws and governments. This shows how human groups are always changing and adapting.

403 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:War on the Plains Comanche vs Osage by George Catlin 1834.png
War on the Plains Comanche vs Osage by...
File:Isolierte-Völker.png
Isolierte-Völker.png
File:Afghan men of the Alizay Kulay village in Kandahar Province.jpg
Afghan men of the Alizay Kulay village in...
More to explore

✨ What else?

Related topics you might enjoy

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.