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Tick

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Ticks are tiny animals that belong to a group called arachnids. This means they are close relatives of spiders.

Ixodes scapularis P1170301a (white background)
Ixodes scapularis P1170301a (white background)

Most ticks are external parasites. This means they live on the outside of other living things. They survive by drinking the blood of mammals and birds. Some even feed on reptiles or amphibians.

Life-cycle-of-ixodid-tick
Life-cycle-of-ixodid-tick

Because they eat blood, they can carry diseases to humans and animals.

Finding a meal is a very clever process for a tick. They do not jump like a flea might. Instead, many ticks use a way of waiting called questing. They climb onto grass or leaves and hold on with their legs.

20140704-TickWaitingOnGrassBlade-CentralMA-USA
20140704-TickWaitingOnGrassBlade-CentralMA-USA

They use a special part on their legs called Haller's organ. This organ helps them sense body heat, smells, and moisture. They can even feel vibrations in the air from a passing animal. Once they find a host, they use mouthparts to pierce the skin. They release a special liquid to keep the blood from clotting while they eat.

Scientists have found that ticks have been around for a very long time. Some fossils show that ticks existed around 100 million years ago. These fossils were found in the Cretaceous period.

Tick in amber carrying spirochetes
Tick in amber carrying spirochetes

Some studies suggest their ancestors might be even older. One study says they could have lived 195 million years ago. Another study thinks they started around 270 million years ago. Finding these old fossils in amber helps us understand how they changed over time.

There are two main families of ticks in the world today. The first is Ixodidae, which are known as hard ticks. These ticks have a hard shield on their back called a scutum.

Amblyomma americanum tick
Amblyomma americanum tick

The second family is Argasidae, known as soft ticks. These do not have a hard shield. Instead, their mouthparts are tucked under their bodies.

Argas spec columbidae
Argas spec columbidae

There is also a very rare family called Nuttalliellidae. It only has one living species found in southern Africa.

Ticks are incredibly tough animals that can survive in many places. They can live in warm, wet areas or even in the cold of Antarctica.

Erkinis encefalitas, Pašušvio miškas
Erkinis encefalitas, Pašušvio miškas

They have a very slow metabolism, which is the way their bodies use energy. This allows them to go a long time without eating. A tick can survive for many weeks without a meal. They can even stay alive in a near vacuum for thirty minutes. This strength helps them wait patiently for their next host to arrive.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Tick in amber carrying spirochetes.jpg
Tick in amber carrying spirochetes.jpg
File:Opilioacarus baeticus (cropped).png
Opilioacarus baeticus (cropped).png
File:Promegistus armstrongi 335075066.jpg
Promegistus armstrongi 335075066.jpg
File:Sternothyrus_braueri_62962027_cropped.jpg
Sternothyrus_braueri_62962027_cropped.jpg
File:Ixodes scapularis P1170301a (white background).png
Ixodes scapularis P1170301a (white background).png
File:Amblyomma americanum tick.jpg
Amblyomma americanum tick.jpg
File:Argas spec columbidae.jpg
Argas spec columbidae.jpg
File:20140704-TickWaitingOnGrassBlade-CentralMA-USA.JPG
20140704-TickWaitingOnGrassBlade-CentralMA-USA.JPG
File:Oocysts of ticks and their endosymbionts.jpg
Oocysts of ticks and their endosymbionts.jpg
File:Life-cycle-of-ixodid-tick.jpg
Life-cycle-of-ixodid-tick.jpg
File:Klopa med parjenjem-fotoBlazVerbic.jpg
Klopa med parjenjem-fotoBlazVerbic.jpg
File:Erkinis encefalitas, Pašušvio miškas.JPG
Erkinis encefalitas, Pašušvio miškas.JPG

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