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Mosquito

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Mosquitoes are a huge family of small flies. The name comes from Spanish and Portuguese words meaning "little fly."

Mosquito Tasmania crop
Mosquito Tasmania crop

There are about 3,600 different species in this group. Most mosquitoes drink nectar from flowers for energy. However, female mosquitoes of many species also drink blood. They use the proteins in blood to help make their eggs.

Aedes aegypti feeding (cropped)
Aedes aegypti feeding (cropped)

Scientists call them micropredators because they drink blood without killing their host. This makes them very important in the natural world.

A mosquito goes through four stages in its life cycle.

Mosquito Life-Cycle
Mosquito Life-Cycle

First, they lay eggs on the surface of stagnant water. These eggs hatch into larvae, which are small creatures that live in the water. Larvae eat algae and tiny organic material. They are a great food source for fish and birds. Next, the larvae change into pupae, which are often called "tumblers." The pupae do not eat, but they swim by flipping their bodies. Finally, the adult mosquito emerges from the pupa at the water's surface.

Culex mosquito proboscis
Culex mosquito proboscis

Many mosquitoes have lived on Earth since the Cretaceous period. This was a very long time ago when dinosaurs ruled.

Culex malariager in Dominican amber
Culex malariager in Dominican amber

Today, we know much about how they behave. For example, we know that Anopheles mosquitoes are strong flyers. They can fly for four hours without stopping. During a single night, they can travel quite a distance. Male mosquitoes are also very fast. Their wings beat between 450 and 600 times every second! This movement is driven by muscles that vibrate their thorax.

Mosquitoes can be very important to study for health reasons. Some species act as vectors, which means they carry germs from one person to another.

Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores
Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores

They can carry diseases like malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever. These illnesses can cause the deaths of over one million people each year. Because of this, people use tools like mosquito nets to stay safe.

Mosquito Netting
Mosquito Netting

Even though they are small, their impact on the world is very large. Scientists work hard to understand how they spread these pathogens.

How do mosquitoes find a person to bite? They use a very special sense of smell.

How to attract mosquitoes
How to attract mosquitoes

They sniff out the carbon dioxide that we breathe out. They also smell the heat and the odors from our skin. Mosquitoes often prefer people with type O blood or high body heat. They are also attracted to dark colors like red and orange. Most mosquitoes like to feed at dawn or dusk. This is when they are most active and looking for a meal. It is amazing how much they can sense in the air.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:Mosquito Life-Cycle.svg
Mosquito Life-Cycle.svg
File:Mosquito Tasmania crop.jpg
Mosquito Tasmania crop.jpg
File:How to attract mosquitoes.svg
How to attract mosquitoes.svg
File:Culex mosquito proboscis.jpg
Culex mosquito proboscis.jpg
File:Anopheles stephensi.jpeg
Anopheles stephensi.jpeg
File:Mosquito on marigold flower.JPG
Mosquito on marigold flower.JPG
File:Culex malariager in Dominican amber.jpg
Culex malariager in Dominican amber.jpg
File:Ptychoptera contaminata male Walker 1856 plate-XXVIII.png
Ptychoptera contaminata male Walker 1856...
File:Chironomus ferrugineovittatus m.png
Chironomus ferrugineovittatus m.png
File:CSIRO ScienceImage 11052 Biting midge on human skin (cropped).jpg
CSIRO ScienceImage 11052 Biting midge on...
File:Dixa nebulosa adult John Curtis British Entomology 409.png
Dixa nebulosa adult John Curtis British...
File:Chaoborus crystallinus male as Corethra plumicornis (Walker Insecta Britanica Vol 3 page 397 plate XXV).png
Chaoborus crystallinus male as Corethra...

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