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Swimming (sport)

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Swimming is a sport where people move through water using their whole bodies.

Phelps 400m IM-crop
Phelps 400m IM-crop

Athletes can race in a pool or in open water like a lake or sea. In a pool, swimmers compete in many different events. These include individual races or team relays where four people work together. In a medley relay, each person swims a different stroke in a specific order. They start with backstroke, then breaststroke, then butterfly, and finish with freestyle.

Swimming pool 50m 2008
Swimming pool 50m 2008

Competitive swimming is a very popular sport at the Summer Olympic Games.

There are four main styles used in competitive swimming. These styles are butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. Some races, called the individual medley or IM, require a swimmer to do all four. In the IM, they swim equal distances of each stroke in a set order.

Pool Lengths
Pool Lengths

Swimmers also use a move called the dolphin kick to go faster. This move is done underwater at the start or after a turn. It became very popular after swimmers like David Berkoff used it successfully. Now, rules say a swimmer cannot stay underwater for more than 15 metres.

People have been swimming for a very long time. Some Stone Age paintings from 10,000 years ago show people swimming.

LeanderPicart
LeanderPicart

Old books like the Bible and the Odyssey also mention swimming. In 1538, a professor named Nikolaus Wynmann wrote the first complete book about it. Competitive swimming grew in England during the 1830s. By 1880, there were over 300 swimming clubs in that country.

Burgess and Webb
Burgess and Webb

The first modern Olympic Games included men's swimming in 1896 in Athens.

Rules help make sure every race is fair. There are strict rules for each stroke and for what swimmers can wear. For example, there are rules for swimsuits, caps, and jewelry.

Tyler Clary (7707350946) (cropped)
Tyler Clary (7707350946) (cropped)

Swimmers often follow a training cycle to get ready for big meets. They do a lot of hard work first, then they do less work right before a race. This is called tapering, and it helps the body rest. Some swimmers even shave their hair to help them move through water with less drag.

Swimming happens in different types of pools. A long course pool is 50 metres long.

Open water swimming (18)
Open water swimming (18)

A short course pool is smaller. Because of this, world records are kept separate for both types. In the United States, the short course season usually lasts from September to March. The long course season happens from April to the end of August. In other places, like Europe, the seasons happen at different times of the year.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:LeanderPicart.jpg
LeanderPicart.jpg
File:Burgess and Webb.jpg
Burgess and Webb.jpg
File:Kazan 2015 - Katie Ledecky wins 400m freestyle (cropped).JPG
Kazan 2015 - Katie Ledecky wins 400m...
File:Phelps 400m IM-crop.jpg
Phelps 400m IM-crop.jpg
File:Swimming pool 50m 2008.svg
Swimming pool 50m 2008.svg
File:Pool Lengths.svg
Pool Lengths.svg
File:16 ACPS Atlanta 1996 Australian Swim Team Training.jpg
16 ACPS Atlanta 1996 Australian Swim Team...
File:Tyler Clary (7707350946) (cropped).jpg
Tyler Clary (7707350946) (cropped).jpg
File:Open water swimming (18).jpg
Open water swimming (18).jpg
File:Ryan Lochte (4800088801).jpg
Ryan Lochte (4800088801).jpg
File:Rotator cuff tear.jpg
Rotator cuff tear.jpg
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