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Surgical suture

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A surgical suture is a medical tool used to help the body heal. Doctors often call these stitches.

A Surgeon Applying a Suture
A Surgeon Applying a Suture

They work by holding body tissues together. This helps wound edges stay close after an injury or surgery. A medical provider uses a needle with a length of thread to do this. Choosing the right suture is a very important job. The doctor must look at the wound and the specific tissue. They need to pick a tool that fits the location perfectly.

How a suture works depends on many different factors. First, a doctor looks at tensile strength. This is how much force a thread can hold without breaking. They also check the elasticity of the material. Elasticity is how well the thread can stretch to fit changing tissues. The doctor must also think about tissue reaction. This is how much the surrounding area reacts to the thread. A good suture keeps the tissue healthy while it heals.

Suture, before and after, RMO
Suture, before and after, RMO

In the past, surgeons used different tools than they do today. They often used reusable needles with holes called eyes.

C. Stromayr; Sewing wound after herniotomy. 1559 Wellcome M0010186
C. Stromayr; Sewing wound after herniotomy. 1559 Wellcome M0010186

These needles had to be threaded by hand just like sewing fabric. Today, many doctors use swaged needles. These are needles that come with the thread already attached. This method is called atraumatic because it causes less damage to soft tissue. It also saves time during a medical procedure.

There are many shapes and types of needles available. Some are straight, while others are curved into circles.

Surgical suture
Surgical suture

You might see a 1/4 circle or even a 5/8 circle shape. Some needles have a cutting edge to help them pass through skin. Others have a round, tapered body for gentler work. There are also special "ski" or "canoe" needles. These are used in laparoscopic surgery through narrow paths.

Suture micrograph
Suture micrograph

Suture threads are also divided into two main groups. Some are absorbable, which means the body breaks them down over time. Natural absorbable threads can come from bovine intestines and are called catgut. Synthetic absorbable threads like polyglactic acid stay strong for longer. Other sutures are non-absorbable and do not break down. These are good for parts of the body that move a lot, like tendons. Materials like nylon or surgical steel are used for these long-term jobs.

Surgical thread supplier 1
Surgical thread supplier 1
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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:A Surgeon Applying a Suture.jpg
A Surgeon Applying a Suture.jpg
File:Suture micrograph.jpg
Suture micrograph.jpg
File:Surgical suture.jpg
Surgical suture.jpg
File:Suture, before and after, RMO.jpg
Suture, before and after, RMO.jpg
ASC Leiden - Coutinho Collection - A 37 -...
File:C. Stromayr; Sewing wound after herniotomy. 1559 Wellcome M0010186.jpg
C. Stromayr; Sewing wound after...
File:Surgical thread supplier 1.jpg
Surgical thread supplier 1.jpg
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