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Su Yu

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Su Yu was a prominent general in the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

Suzhong battle suyu
Suzhong battle suyu

He is remembered as one of the most skilled military commanders in Chinese history. The leader Mao Zedong ranked him among the very best, alongside Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, and Liu Bocheng. Su Yu played a critical role in two major conflicts: the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. His leadership helped shape the modern military structure of the People's Republic of China. Throughout his career, he moved from small-scale guerrilla tactics to commanding massive, organized armies.

Su Yu was born on August 10, 1907, in Huitong County, Hunan province. He belonged to the ethnic Dong group. His parents were Su Zhouheng and Liang Manmei. The family lived on 30 mu of inherited farmland to survive. In 1918, bandit attacks forced the family to move to the county seat. Su Yu was a bright student at several schools, including the Model Primary School. However, his father required him to manage the family accounts. This responsibility caused him to repeat grades in school. He eventually entered the Hunan Provincial 2nd Normal School at age 18.

His military journey began with political involvement. He joined the Communist Youth League in 1926 and the Chinese Communist Party in 1927. He participated in the Northern Expedition and the Nanchang Uprising. During the 1930s, he became a skilled guerrilla commander in the Jiangxi Soviet. Guerrilla warfare involves small, mobile groups using surprise tactics against larger forces. Su Yu did not participate in the Long March. Instead, he stayed in southern Zhejiang to lead a delaying action against Nationalist troops until 1937.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Su Yu's responsibilities grew significantly.

Su Yu at MengLiangGu Battle 1947
Su Yu at MengLiangGu Battle 1947

He served as the commander of the New Fourth Army's first division. He led successful campaigns in Central Jiangsu against Japanese forces in places like Nanjing and Wuhu. He also won the Cheqiao Campaign, which was the first victory against Japanese troops at Weigang. By the end of this war, he was the Commander in Chief for the Communists' Central China's Military Region. This role covered a very large area of East Central China.

The Chinese Civil War showcased his ability to change military strategy.

Su Yu and family 1949
Su Yu and family 1949

In July 1946, he led 30,000 troops against 120,000 Nationalist soldiers. These Nationalist troops were equipped with American weapons. Su Yu won seven different engagements during this period. His successes encouraged Mao Zedong to shift from guerrilla warfare to a more mobile and conventional approach. One major victory was the Menglianggu Campaign. In this fight, Su Yu successfully encircled and destroyed the elite Nationalist Seventy-Fourth Division.

Su Yu's most decisive leadership occurred during the Huaihai Campaign from November 1948 to January 1949.

Order of Liberation 1st Class
Order of Liberation 1st Class

He suggested a "sudden-concentrate, sudden-disperse" strategy. This tactic involved moving troops rapidly to strike and then quickly spreading out. This strategy helped destroy five Nationalist armies. In total, this campaign resulted in the killing or capture of 550,000 Nationalist soldiers. Su Yu's own forces were responsible for destroying four of those armies. This victory was a turning point in the civil war.

After the war, Su Yu held high-ranking positions in the new government.

General of the Army rank insignia (PRC)
General of the Army rank insignia (PRC)

In 1955, he was awarded the rank of da jiang, or Grand General. This was one of only ten people to receive this high rank. He also served as the PLA Chief of General Staff from 1954 to 1958. Even when he was ill due to old shell fragments, he remained a respected thinker. He analyzed how China should defend itself against the Soviet Union. He argued that the threat of nuclear weapons would create hesitation in any conflict.

Su Yu married Chu Qing in 1941, and they had three children.

Su Yu and family 1949
Su Yu and family 1949

His children all joined the PLA. His eldest son, Su Rongsheng, eventually became a lieutenant general. Su Yu died in Beijing on February 5, 1984, at age 77. Following his final wishes, his body was cremated. His ashes were scattered in the various places where he had fought during his life. His legacy remains tied to the strategic shifts that defined modern Chinese military history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg
Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg
File:General of the Army rank insignia (PRC).jpg
General of the Army rank insignia (PRC).jpg
File:Order of Bayi 1st Class.svg
Order of Bayi 1st Class.svg
File:Order of Independence and Freedom 1st Class.svg
Order of Independence and Freedom 1st Class.svg
File:Order of Liberation 1st Class.svg
Order of Liberation 1st Class.svg
File:Suzhong battle suyu.jpg
Suzhong battle suyu.jpg
File:Su Yu at MengLiangGu Battle 1947.jpg
Su Yu at MengLiangGu Battle 1947.jpg
File:Chen geng2.jpg
Chen geng2.jpg
File:Su Yu and family 1949.jpg
Su Yu and family 1949.jpg
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