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Squid as food

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Squid is a versatile seafood enjoyed by diverse cultures across the globe.

Lipari-Calmars
Lipari-Calmars

In many English-speaking regions, people use the culinary term calamari to describe dishes made from squid. This animal offers many edible parts that chefs utilize in various ways. The mantle, which is the main body, can be stuffed, sliced into rings, or cut into flat pieces. People also consume the arms, the tentacles, and the dark ink. The only parts generally discarded are the beak and the gladius, or pen.

Fried calamari in Limnionas, Kos, Greece (5654208438)
Fried calamari in Limnionas, Kos, Greece (5654208438)

Because of its many uses, squid serves as a staple protein in many different cuisines.

Preparation methods vary significantly depending on regional traditions and desired textures. A common technique involves coating squid rings in batter and deep-frying them in oil. In Mediterranean cooking, this frying process lasts less than two minutes to prevent the meat from becoming tough. Other methods include grilling the squid whole over charcoal or simmering it slowly in vegetables to ensure tenderness. Some cultures prefer squid in stir-fries, stews, or even as sushi and sashimi. In East Asian regions, dried shredded squid is frequently processed into a chewy snack.

Drying squid
Drying squid

These different techniques allow the squid to take on many distinct flavors and mouthfeels.

Asian cuisines offer some of the most diverse ways to experience squid. In Japan, squid is used in almost every dish type, including tempura and marinated versions like ika okizuke. Korean cuisine features san ojingeo, which is fresh squid served quickly, often with mustard or chili sauce. Koreans also make jeotgal, such as ojingeo-jeot, which is salted and fermented squid seasoned with gochugaru, or chili powder. In the Philippines, the dish adobong pusit uses squid ink to create a tangy sauce. Meanwhile, Taiwanese cuisine distinguishes squid by size and species, such as the neritic squid used in Tainan rice noodles.

施家小卷米粉 Shih's Neritic Squid Rice Noodles-20210827
施家小卷米粉 Shih's Neritic Squid Rice Noodles-20210827

European traditions also hold many specialized ways to prepare this cephalopod. In Spain, chefs prepare rabas or calamares a la romana, which are battered rings served with aioli. Some Spanish regions, like Cantabria, prefer cutting the squid into straight strips instead of rings. In Italy, squid ink is a key ingredient in dark, flavorful dishes like pasta, risotto, and soups.

Babbo- Squid Ink pasta with green chilis, rock shrimp and guanciale
Babbo- Squid Ink pasta with green chilis, rock shrimp and guanciale

Mediterranean countries like Greece and Cyprus often serve fried squid with tzatziki, a yogurt and cucumber dip. Other nations, such as Portugal and Malta, focus on stuffing the squid with ingredients like minced meat, rice, or herbs before stewing.

History and language reveal a deep connection between squid and writing tools. The word calamari derives from the Italian calamaro and the Spanish calamares. These terms originate from the Late Latin word calamarium, meaning an ink pot or pen case. This name reflects the resemblance between the squid's ink and the fluid used in a writing reed. In the United States, efforts were made to increase squid consumption during the 1970s. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology even developed a machine to assist with squid-gutting to help make the protein more accessible to the public.

Squid provides significant nutritional value to those who eat it. It is a high-protein food, consisting of 67.5% to 80.7% protein. It also contains phosphorus and trace amounts of calcium, thiamine, and riboflavin. A 2016 study of Loligo squid found that 13% of its wet weight is oil. This oil is a rich source of essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, including DHA and EPA. However, consumers must be aware of potential allergies. Like other molluscs, squid contains a protein called tropomyosin, which can cause allergic reactions in some people.

Understanding squid as food connects biology, history, and global culture. The way humans prepare this animal shows how we adapt to local ingredients and environments. From the street food markets of Taiwan to the seafood restaurants of North America, squid remains a global phenomenon. Its transition from a specialized ethnic food to a common protein source in places like the U.S. shows changing dietary patterns. Whether served as a light snack or a complex fermented side dish, squid continues to be a vital part of the world's culinary landscape.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Babbo- Squid Ink pasta with green chilis, rock shrimp and guanciale.jpg
Babbo- Squid Ink pasta with green chilis,...
File:Lipari-Calmars.jpg
Lipari-Calmars.jpg
File:Fried calamari in Limnionas, Kos, Greece (5654208438).jpg
Fried calamari in Limnionas, Kos, Greece...
File:Drying squid.jpg
Drying squid.jpg
File:施家小卷米粉 Shih's Neritic Squid Rice Noodles-20210827.jpg
施家小卷米粉 Shih's Neritic Squid Rice...
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