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Sicily

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Sicily is a huge island in the central Mediterranean Sea.

Sicily Map
Sicily Map

It sits just south of the Italian Peninsula in Europe. A narrow strip of water called the Strait of Messina separates it from the land of Calabria. Sicily is the largest and most crowded island in the whole Mediterranean Sea. Over 4.7 million people live on the island today. About 1.2 million of those people live in or around the capital city, Palermo.

Sicily Map
Sicily Map

The island has a typical Mediterranean climate with warm weather. You might see many olive groves growing in the sun.

Olives (9520845387)
Olives (9520845387)

One of the most famous sights is Mount Etna.

EtnaAvió
EtnaAvió

It is the tallest active volcano in Europe and is very active.

The island has a very long history of different people living there. Humans first arrived around 16,000 years ago. Later, groups like the Sicani, the Elymians, and the Sicels lived on the land. The Sicels gave the island its name.

Orante 1
Orante 1

In the past, people also called the island Trinacria. This name comes from the Greek word for having three headlands. This is because the island has a triangular shape. The island's history is full of many different cultures and ways of life.

Many famous groups fought to rule the island in ancient times. Around 750 BC, Greek colonies grew along the coasts. One important city was Syracuse.

Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58
Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58

The Greeks and the Carthaginians fought many wars for control. Later, Rome won and made Sicily its first province outside of Italy.

Villa del Casale (9528003795)
Villa del Casale (9528003795)

During the Roman time, the island was a very important place for food. After the Roman Empire fell, many other groups took control. These included the Vandals, the Ostrogoths, and the Byzantine Empire.

Belisarius plastered
Belisarius plastered

Different rulers changed the face of Sicily over many centuries. The Normans conquered the area in the 1000s. This led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1130.

Kingdom of Sicily 1154
Kingdom of Sicily 1154

Later, the island was ruled by the Spanish and the House of Aragon. In 1816, it became part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Eventually, a leader named Giuseppe Garibaldi led an invasion in 1860.

Garibaldi sbarca a Marsala - Gerolamo Induno
Garibaldi sbarca a Marsala - Gerolamo Induno

This helped Sicily become part of the unified country of Italy.

Today, Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy. This means it has its own special rules for how it is run.

HorologiumPanormi
HorologiumPanormi

The island is known for its rich culture in music and art. It also has wonderful food and beautiful buildings. People can visit ancient ruins like the temples in Agrigento.

Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58
Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58

You can also see old Phoenician ruins like those in Motya.

Murs Mozia
Murs Mozia

Sicily connects the history of Europe with the history of the Mediterranean.

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🖼️ Images & Media (69)
Inno della Regione Siciliana «Madreterra».ogg
File:Orante 1.jpg
Orante 1.jpg
File:Murs Mozia.jpg
Murs Mozia.jpg
File:Ginnasium Solunto.jpg
Ginnasium Solunto.jpg
File:Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58.jpg
Agrigent BW 2012-10-07 13-10-58.jpg
File:Villa del Casale (9528003795).jpg
Villa del Casale (9528003795).jpg
File:Agriacastle.jpg
Agriacastle.jpg
File:Belisarius plastered.jpg
Belisarius plastered.jpg
File:The Byzantines under Georgios Maniakes land at Sicily and defeat the Arabs.jpg
The Byzantines under Georgios Maniakes...
File:MadridSkylitzesFol100vDetail.jpg
MadridSkylitzesFol100vDetail.jpg
File:Cuba muqarna.jpeg
Cuba muqarna.jpeg
File:HorologiumPanormi.jpg
HorologiumPanormi.jpg

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