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Sesame

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Sesame is a tall plant that produces tiny, tasty seeds.

Leiden University Library - Seikei Zusetsu vol. 20, page 006 - 胡麻 - Sesamum indicum L., 1804
Leiden University Library - Seikei Zusetsu vol. 20, page 006 - 胡麻 - Sesamum indicum L., 1804

These seeds grow inside pods called capsules. The seeds can be white or black. They have a rich, nutty flavor. Sesame is special because it has a very high oil content. This makes it one of the most important oilseed crops in the world.

sesame seed production, World, 2023 (cropped)
sesame seed production, World, 2023 (cropped)

Growing sesame is a fascinating thing that happens in many climates. The plant has an extensive root system. This helps it survive through long periods of drought. It can grow in high heat or even when rains fail. However, the plants need some moisture to start growing. If it rains too much late in the season, the seedpods might shatter. This is called dehiscence, and it scatters the seeds on the ground. To prevent this, farmers often cut the plants by hand. They stand them upright so the pods ripen safely.

Humans have used sesame for thousands of years. It is one of the oldest oilseed crops known to us. Archaeologists found charred sesame seeds that date back at least 5,500 years. These seeds were likely domesticated in the Indian subcontinent. Evidence shows that people traded sesame as far back as 2000 BC. In ancient Egypt, people used sesame for medicine. Baskets of sesame were even found in the tomb of King Tutankhamen. Some people believe the plant may have first started in Ethiopia.

Today, sesame is a huge global business. In 2022, the world produced 6.7 million tonnes of sesame seeds. Sudan, India, and Myanmar are the largest producers. Together, these three countries make up 41% of the total world supply. Different regions grow different colors of seeds. China and Southeast Asia mostly produce black or dark seeds. White or lighter seeds are common in Europe and the Americas. Japan is actually the world's largest importer of these seeds.

Sesame is a part of many foods you might know. In Japan, roasted sesame oil is used for cooking. In the Caribbean, people make treats called Benny cakes. Sesame is also a common allergen for some people. This means it can cause a reaction in their bodies. In the United States, the FASTER Act requires food labels to show if sesame is inside. This helps people stay safe while they eat. It is a small seed, but it has a big history.

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File:sesame seed production, World, 2023 (cropped).svg
sesame seed production, World, 2023 (cropped).svg
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