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Sermon

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A sermon is a religious discourse or oration delivered by a preacher.

John Pettie - A roadside sermon
John Pettie - A roadside sermon

Most preachers are members of the clergy. These speeches address theological, scriptural, or moral topics. They often explain specific beliefs, laws, or behaviors. Preachers connect these ideas to both past and present contexts. The act of delivering such a speech is known as preaching. In secular settings, the term may be used to describe a lecture on morals. This usage is often considered disparaging.

In Christian practice, sermons are typically delivered to a congregation in a place of worship. The speaker may use specific architectural features for this purpose. An ambo or a pulpit provides an elevated platform for the speaker. Some may also stand behind a lectern to hold their notes.

Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561)
Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561)

In the Roman Catholic tradition, the sermon occurs after the Gospel is sung or read. During the Mass, a priest or bishop may remove certain vestments, like a maniple or chasuble. This is because the sermon is not technically part of the Mass itself. A bishop might preach while seated and wearing a mitre. A priest or deacon usually stands and wears a biretta.

There are different types and styles of religious discourse. A short sermon is often called a sermonette. These are frequently associated with television broadcasts before a station closes for the night. Historically, a distinction existed between a sermon and a homily. A sermon was traditionally delivered by a licensed clergyman. A homily was often read from a printed copy by a layman. In the 20th century, this distinction changed. Now, a sermon is often seen as longer and more structured. It usually contains more theological content. Homilies are now often considered a type of sermon that is narrative or biographical.

The study of how to prepare, compose, and deliver these speeches is called homiletics. This academic field analyzes the mechanics of religious oratory. Throughout history, there has been debate regarding how a preacher should speak. In early modern Britain, people argued over whether sermons should be read from a prepared text. Others believed they should be extemporized, or spoken using only notes.

Bloch-SermonOnTheMount
Bloch-SermonOnTheMount

This tension between written and spontaneous speech has shaped religious traditions for centuries.

Many famous historical moments are defined by these speeches. The most notable example is the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus of Nazareth delivered this address around 30 AD. The Gospel of Matthew recounts it being spoken on a mount near Capernaum.

Bloch-SermonOnTheMount
Bloch-SermonOnTheMount

Other early figures used such addresses to spread Christianity. These included Peter, Stephen, Tertullian, and John Chrysostom. While these were evangelistic messages rather than modern sermons, they were vital for spreading faith. In the 13th century, Saint Dominic created the Dominican Order to preach to the Cathars. These friars were specifically trained to preach in vernacular languages.

The Reformation significantly changed the role of the sermon. In Protestantism, the sermon often replaced the Eucharist as the central act of worship. Reformed churches, such as Presbyterian or Anglican, focused on the sermon to inspire faith and love for neighbors. Lutheranism preserved the order of the Mass but gave the sermon more prominence. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Great Awakening in the United States saw intense evangelical sermons. These were often delivered at revivals and were known for "fire-and-brimstone" messages. One famous example is Jonathan Edwards' speech, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."

Sermons have also had a massive impact on literature and media. For many centuries, published sermons were a major and profitable part of the book trade. Many clergymen even recycled large portions of published sermons for their own use.

Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561)
Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561)

In modern times, evangelical messages, often called "the message," can last 45 to 60 minutes. These are now shared through digital platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and the Internet. Some preachers even use PowerPoint, images, and videos to support their points.

This allows religious ideas to reach a global audience through televangelism and social media.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:John Pettie - A roadside sermon.jpg
John Pettie - A roadside sermon.jpg
File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg
Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg
File:Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561).jpg
Martin Luther Preaching to Faithful (1561).jpg
File:Doop van Prins Maurits in de Grote Kerk te Apeldoorn ds.dr. H. Berkhoff tijdens, Bestanddeelnr 254-8166.jpg
Doop van Prins Maurits in de Grote Kerk...
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