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Mosque

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A mosque is a sacred place of worship for Muslims. The term is often used to describe a covered building. However, it can also refer to any space where Islamic prayers occur. This might include an open outdoor courtyard. The word itself comes from the Arabic term masjid. This term means a place of sujud, or prostration. Prostration is the act of bowing down during prayer. For Muslims, the mosque is a place to show submission to the will of Allah.

Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2
Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2

Most mosques contain specific architectural features to guide worship. A key feature is the mihrab, which is an ornamental niche in the wall. This niche indicates the qibla, the direction of the city of Mecca. Muslims must face this direction during their prayers.

Mihrab Medina
Mihrab Medina

Another common feature is the minbar. This is a raised pulpit used for delivering public sermons called khutbah. These sermons often take place during Friday prayers. Many mosques also include a facility for wudu. Wudu is a process of ritual cleansing used before prayer.

Ablution area inside Eastern wall of Badshahi mosque
Ablution area inside Eastern wall of Badshahi mosque

Mosques serve many different roles within a community. While prayer is the primary purpose, they are often multi-purpose buildings. Historically, mosques have functioned as community centers, courts of law, and religious schools. They are also used for marriages, known as nikah, and funeral services. During the month of Ramadan, mosques host vigils. They also serve as locations for business agreements and the distribution of alms. In some cases, mosques even act as shelters for the homeless.

ATN News
ATN News

The history of the mosque began in Arabia during the 7th century CE. Islam was established during the lifetime of Muhammad. Some traditions suggest the first mosque was the sanctuary in Mecca, known as al-Masjid al-Haram. This site is associated with the prophet Abraham. Other scholars point to the Quba Mosque in Medina. Muhammad built this structure in 622 CE after migrating from Mecca.

Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque
Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque

Another highly significant site is the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, or al-Masjid an-Nabawi. Muhammad helped build this mosque on the site of his own home. It was originally a simple rectangular enclosure of unbaked brick. It measured roughly 53 by 56 meters. The roof was supported by columns made of palm tree trunks. This design served as a model for many later mosques. It featured a central courtyard and a prayer hall.

Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2
Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2

As Islam spread, mosque architecture evolved through different cultures. In the Levant, the Umayyad Caliphate built grand structures. The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus is a famous example. In North Africa, the Great Mosque of Kairouan introduced the square minaret. This style became common in the Maghreb region.

Great Mosque of Kairouan, courtyard
Great Mosque of Kairouan, courtyard

In India, the Mughal Empire introduced styles with onion domes and pointed arches. The Jama Masjid in Delhi is one of the largest examples of this style.

Jama Masjid - In the Noon
Jama Masjid - In the Noon

Architectural styles also adapted to local traditions in East Asia. The Great Mosque of Xi'an in China is a unique example. It was established in the 8th century. Instead of typical Islamic features, it resembles a Chinese pagoda. It uses a green roof rather than the yellow roofs of imperial buildings.

西安清真大寺大殿
西安清真大寺大殿

This shows how mosques can blend Islamic identity with local culture. Today, mosques continue to be funded by both charitable endowments, called waqf, and private donations.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2.jpg
Masjid e Nabawi Interior 2.jpg
File:Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque.jpg
Syria, Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque.jpg
File:Great Mosque of Kairouan, courtyard.jpg
Great Mosque of Kairouan, courtyard.jpg
File:西安清真大寺大殿.jpg
西安清真大寺大殿.jpg
File:Ampel Mosque in 2008.jpg
Ampel Mosque in 2008.jpg
File:Old Towns of Djenné-107952.jpg
Old Towns of Djenné-107952.jpg
File:ATN News.jpg
ATN News.jpg
File:Taipei Grand Mosque - Fast Break.JPG
Taipei Grand Mosque - Fast Break.JPG
File:مسجد أحمد ابن طولون1.jpg
مسجد أحمد ابن طولون1.jpg
File:20180301124354 IMG 4179And6more Interior 3.jpg
20180301124354 IMG 4179And6more Interior 3.jpg
File:Jama Masjid - In the Noon.jpg
Jama Masjid - In the Noon.jpg
File:SüleymaniyeMosqueIstanbul (cropped).jpg
SüleymaniyeMosqueIstanbul (cropped).jpg

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