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Seahorse

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Seahorses are small, bony fish found in the ocean.

Hippocampus jayakari, Egipto
Hippocampus jayakari, Egipto

There are 46 different species in the genus Hippocampus. Their name comes from Ancient Greek words. These words mean "sea monster" and "horse."

Hippocampus hystrix (Spiny seahorse)
Hippocampus hystrix (Spiny seahorse)

This name fits because they have heads and necks that look like horses. They also have a very special way of living. They often stay in shallow, warm salt water. You can find them in places like coral reefs and seagrass beds.

A seahorse has a body that is built for staying still. They do not have scales like many other fish. Instead, they have thin skin stretched over rings of bony plates. This armor protects them from predators.

Seahorses scorpions skewer
Seahorses scorpions skewer

They also have a prehensile tail. This means they can wrap their tail around objects to hold on. They use this to stay in place while they wait for food. Because they are poor swimmers, they use a fin on their back to move. They use small fins near their eyes to steer.

Black Sea fauna Seahorse
Black Sea fauna Seahorse

Scientists believe seahorses changed a lot over a long time. They evolved from pipefish. This change might have happened because of tectonic events in the ocean. These events created new, shallow water areas. These areas had lots of seagrass for hiding.

Hippocampus whitei 1
Hippocampus whitei 1

Fossil records show some seahorse-like fossils from 13 million years ago in Slovenia. Other fossils from Italy date back about 3 million years. A study in 2016 found their genome evolves very quickly. This helps them adapt to their homes.

Feeding is a very careful process called pivot-feeding.

Seahorse-aquarium
Seahorse-aquarium

Seahorses use their long snouts to suck up tiny creatures like shrimp. First, they slowly approach their prey while staying upright. Next, they rotate their head at a very high speed. This movement helps them suck the food in from a short distance. They do not have a stomach to digest food. This means they must eat constantly to stay alive. They use camouflage to hide while they wait for a meal to float by.

One of the most amazing things is how they have babies.

Seahorse lifecycle
Seahorse lifecycle

The male seahorse has a special brood pouch on his belly. During a long courtship dance, the female puts her eggs into this pouch.

Seahorse mating dance
Seahorse mating dance

The male carries the eggs for 9 to 45 days. When the babies are ready, they pop out fully developed. The male can even start having more babies just hours later. This unique way of caring for young is very rare among fish.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Hippocampus hystrix (Spiny seahorse).jpg
Hippocampus hystrix (Spiny seahorse).jpg
File:Hippocampus jayakari, Egipto.jpg
Hippocampus jayakari, Egipto.jpg
File:Pygmy Seahorse - Hippocampus bargibanti.jpg
Pygmy Seahorse - Hippocampus bargibanti.jpg
File:Black Sea fauna Seahorse.JPG
Black Sea fauna Seahorse.JPG
File:Seahorse lifecycle.svg
Seahorse lifecycle.svg
File:Seahorse mating dance.JPG
Seahorse mating dance.JPG
File:Hippocampus haema mating.jpg
Hippocampus haema mating.jpg
File:Diagram of a pregnant male seahorse.png
Diagram of a pregnant male seahorse.png
File:Tehotny morsky konik.jpg
Tehotny morsky konik.jpg
File:Seahorse-aquarium.jpg
Seahorse-aquarium.jpg
File:Seahorse Skeleton Macro 8 - edit.jpg
Seahorse Skeleton Macro 8 - edit.jpg
File:Seahorses scorpions skewer.jpg
Seahorses scorpions skewer.jpg

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