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Synodontidae

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Lizardfishes are a special group of fish called Synodontidae. They belong to a large group of fish known as aulopiforms. These fish live on the bottom of the sea. Scientists call this lifestyle benthic. They live in warm waters all over the world. You can find them in tropical and subtropical oceans. They often stay in shallow areas near the coast. Some even live in estuaries where salt and fresh water mix.

These fish have a very unique way of looking. Their bodies are long, thin, and somewhat round. Their heads look a lot like the heads of lizards. Most lizardfishes are quite small in size. However, the largest species can grow to be quite long. They have a fin on the middle of their back. A tiny adipose fin sits closer to their tail. Their mouths are filled with many sharp teeth. Some of these teeth are even on their tongues.

Lizardfishes use clever ways to stay safe in the ocean. They love to live in sandy areas on the sea floor. Their body colors help them hide in the sand. This is called camouflage. It helps them blend in with their home. When they are very young, they are called larvae. These young fish can swim freely through the water. Their skin is clear and has no scales. You can see black spots in their guts through their skin.

Scientists have studied many different kinds of these fish. They have found three main groups in the western Atlantic. One group is named Synodus and has six species. These include S. intermedius and S. saurus. They also include S. synodus, S. foetens, S. bondi, and S. macrostigmus. Another group is Saurida, which has four species. These are S. umeyoshii, S. pseudotumbil, S. undosquamis, and S. tumbil. One more group is Trachinocephalus, which has only one species named T. myops.

Not all lizardfishes are swimming in the ocean today. Some lived a very long time ago and are now extinct. One extinct kind is called Argillichthys. It only has one species named A. toombsi. Scientists found it in the London Clay formation from the Eocene age. This shows that these fish have a very long history. They are part of a diverse family of ray-finned fish. It is amazing to see how they have changed over time.

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