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Santa Claus

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Santa Claus is a famous legendary figure from Western Christian culture.

Jolly-old-saint-nick
Jolly-old-saint-nick

Many people believe he brings gifts during the late evening on Christmas Eve. He is said to travel through the air in a sleigh.

The Children's friend. Number III. A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve. Part III (1821), page 1
The Children's friend. Number III. A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve. Part III (1821), page 1

Flying reindeer are believed to pull his sleigh through the sky. Some stories say Christmas elves make his gifts in a special workshop. This figure is a major part of modern holiday traditions.

Santa Claus 1863 Harpers
Santa Claus 1863 Harpers

The modern image of Santa Claus has a very specific look. He is usually shown as a jolly, portly man with a white beard.

Santa1905PuckCover
Santa1905PuckCover

He often wears glasses and a red coat with white fur. His outfit includes red trousers with white cuffs and a red hat. He also wears a black leather belt and sturdy boots. Many people associate him with a deep, hearty laugh. This laugh is often written in books as "ho, ho, ho!"

Chicago Santa Claus 1902
Chicago Santa Claus 1902

This legend comes from many different historical sources. One main source is Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century Greek bishop.

St Nicholas Icon Sinai 13th century
St Nicholas Icon Sinai 13th century

He lived in Myra, which is in modern-day Turkey. Saint Nicholas was known for being very generous to the poor. He famously gave secret gifts to help people in need. In England, people also had a figure called Father Christmas.

Scrooges third visitor-John Leech,1843
Scrooges third visitor-John Leech,1843

He represented good cheer and joy during the winter season.

Many details were added in the United States during the 1800s. Dutch settlers brought the legend of Sinterklaas to New Amsterdam.

Jan Steen – Het Sint-Nicolaasfeest (2)
Jan Steen – Het Sint-Nicolaasfeest (2)

This place is now known as New York City. An anonymous poem from 1823 helped shape the modern story.

The Children's friend. Number III. A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve. Part III (1821), page 1
The Children's friend. Number III. A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve. Part III (1821), page 1

It described Saint Nicholas arriving in a sleigh with reindeer. The poem named reindeer like Dasher, Dancer, and Prancer. This writing helped connect the legend firmly to Christmas Eve.

Some thinkers believe older traditions also influenced the story. In northern Europe, people celebrated a midwinter event called Yule.

Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer)
Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer)

The Norse god Odin was a figure with a long white beard. Some believe his nightly rides through the sky inspired the legend.

08 St. Nikolaas bij een Snoeper
08 St. Nikolaas bij een Snoeper

Today, we see Santa Claus in many different places. He appears in songs, films, and even holiday advertising. These traditions keep the legend alive for people all over the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:St Nicholas Icon Sinai 13th century.jpg
St Nicholas Icon Sinai 13th century.jpg
File:Scrooges third visitor-John Leech,1843.jpg
Scrooges third visitor-John Leech,1843.jpg
File:08 St. Nikolaas bij een Snoeper.png
08 St. Nikolaas bij een Snoeper.png
File:Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer).jpg
Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman,...
File:The Children's friend. Number III. A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve. Part III (1821), page 1.jpg
The Children's friend. Number III. A...
File:Santa Claus 1863 Harpers.png
Santa Claus 1863 Harpers.png
File:Joulupukki vierailee Lönnin perheen luona vuonna 1901.jpg
Joulupukki vierailee Lönnin perheen luona...
File:Chicago Santa Claus 1902.jpg
Chicago Santa Claus 1902.jpg
File:Rose O'Neill - When We All Believe (Santa Claus and children illustration from the 1903 December 2 issue of Puck).jpg
Rose O'Neill - When We All Believe (Santa...
File:Santa1905PuckCover.jpg
Santa1905PuckCover.jpg
File:Jonathan G Meath portrays Santa Claus.jpg
Jonathan G Meath portrays Santa Claus.jpg
File:Gov. Wolf- Santa’s Reindeer Approved for Flight, Pennsylvanians Can Expect Christmas Eve Deliveries.jpg
Gov. Wolf- Santa’s Reindeer Approved for...

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