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Ramana Maharshi

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Ramana Maharshi was a prominent Indian Hindu sage and a jivanmukta, which means a liberated being.

Sri Ramana Maharshi in 1902
Sri Ramana Maharshi in 1902

Born Venkataraman Iyer on December 30, 1879, in Tiruchuli, Tamil Nadu, he became one of the most influential spiritual figures of his time. He is widely known by the title Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi. His life is defined by a profound spiritual awakening that shifted his focus from worldly education to internal realization. This realization led him to the sacred mountain of Arunachala, where he resided for the remainder of his life. His teachings continue to influence both Eastern and Western spiritual traditions.

His journey began in an orthodox Hindu Brahmin family.

His father, Sundaram Iyer, was a court pleader. His mother was Azhagammal. Venkataraman was the second of four children. As a child, he demonstrated an exceptional memory. He could memorize complex Tamil poems after hearing them only once. He also experienced very deep sleep. Sometimes, he would not wake even from loud noises or physical contact. By the age of twelve, he may have experienced spontaneous deep meditative states. These early signs suggested a natural inclination toward deep concentration.

A pivotal moment occurred in July 1896 when Venkataraman was sixteen years old.

A view of Thiruvanamalai Mountain.
A view of Thiruvanamalai Mountain.

He experienced a sudden, intense fear of death. This fear triggered a powerful internal sensation described as a "current" or "force" known as avesam. During this experience, his body became rigid. He began a process of intense self-enquiry. He asked himself, "What is it that dies?" He concluded that while the body dies, the inner force remains alive. He identified this force as his true Self and as the personal God, Iswara, or Shiva. This event is sometimes called akrama mukti, or sudden liberation.

Following this awakening, Venkataraman left his home in Madurai to find the holy mountain, Arunachala.

Thiruvannamalai, Arunachalesvara Temple, India
Thiruvannamalai, Arunachalesvara Temple, India

He arrived in Tiruvannamalai on September 1, 1896. He initially sought solitude in various temple locations. He spent weeks in the Patala-lingam vault of the Arunachaleswara temple. During this time, he entered such deep samādhi that he was unaware of his surroundings. He was so absorbed that he did not feel the bites of vermin. Eventually, a man named Palaniswami became his permanent attendant. Palaniswami provided physical protection and prepared meals for him. This allowed the sage to continue his intense period of asceticism.

As his reputation grew, Ramana Maharshi moved to different locations on the mountain.

Sri Ramana Maharshi - Sitting - G. G Welling - 1948
Sri Ramana Maharshi - Sitting - G. G Welling - 1948

He lived in various caves, including the Virupaksha Cave for seventeen years. In 1902, a government official named Sivaprakasam Pillai visited him. Pillai asked fourteen questions regarding how to know one's true identity. The answers provided by the young Swami formed the basis of his famous method of self-enquiry. This method was later published in the book "Who am I?" (Nan Yar?). In 1907, the Vedic scholar Kavyakantha Sri Ganapati Sastri proclaimed him as Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi. This title became his most common designation.

His teachings focused on several different paths to spiritual realization. He primarily recommended self-enquiry to remove ignorance and achieve self-awareness. However, he also approved of bhakti, which is the path of devotion or surrender to the Self. Visitors often came to him for darshan, which means the sight of God. Many sought upadesa, or spiritual instruction. This could be received by asking questions or simply by sitting in his silent company. An ashram, a community for spiritual practice, eventually grew around him. His presence attracted followers from many different backgrounds.

In the later years of his life, his influence expanded globally.

Ramanasram main entrance
Ramanasram main entrance

Since the 1930s, his teachings have been popularized in the West. Even as he interacted with many people, he maintained a life of great simplicity. He lived in the Skandashram Cave with his family members, including his mother, who became a sannyasin. He passed away on April 14, 1950. His life is commemorated through various sites, including his Samadhi.

Ramana Maharshi Samadhi
Ramana Maharshi Samadhi

His legacy remains a central part of modern Hindu thought and global spirituality.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Tiruchuli Thirumeni nathar temple.jpg
Tiruchuli Thirumeni nathar temple.jpg
File:Sri Ramana Maharshi in 1902.jpg
Sri Ramana Maharshi in 1902.jpg
File:Thiruvannamalai, Arunachalesvara Temple, India.jpg
Thiruvannamalai, Arunachalesvara Temple, India.jpg
File:A view of Thiruvanamalai Mountain..jpg
A view of Thiruvanamalai Mountain..jpg
File:Ramanasram main entrance.jpg
Ramanasram main entrance.jpg
File:Ramana Mahanirvana Place in Thiruvanamalai.jpg
Ramana Mahanirvana Place in Thiruvanamalai.jpg
File:Ramana Maharshi Samadhi.jpg
Ramana Maharshi Samadhi.jpg
File:Sri Ramana Maharshi - Lying - G. G Welling - 1948.jpg
Sri Ramana Maharshi - Lying - G. G...
File:Sri Ramana Maharshi - Sitting - G. G Welling - 1948.jpg
Sri Ramana Maharshi - Sitting - G. G...
File:Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya.jpg
Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya.jpg
File:Ramana Maharshi 1971 stamp of India.jpg
Ramana Maharshi 1971 stamp of India.jpg
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