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Qigong

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Qigong is a sophisticated system of coordinated body postures, breathing, and meditation.

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It is used for health, spirituality, and martial arts training. The practice aims to cultivate and balance a life-force known as qi. This concept is central to traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts. Practitioners use qigong for recreation, relaxation, and preventive medicine. Some also use it for self-healing or as a form of alternative medicine. It is a way to train the body, breath, and mind together.

The mechanism of qigong involves the careful coordination of several physical and mental actions. First, a practitioner performs slow, stylized movements. These movements are often fluid and carefully choreographed. Second, the person uses deep, rhythmic breathing, often called diaphragmatic breathing. This breathing is synchronized with the body's motion. Third, the practitioner maintains a calm, focused meditative state of mind. This often includes visualization, where the person imagines qi flowing through the body. Finally, practitioners may use chanting or sound to help maintain their focus.

Qigong is generally classified into two foundational categories based on movement. The first is dong gong, or active qigong, which features slow-flowing movement.

Qigong taiji meditation
Qigong taiji meditation

Examples include the graceful movements of tai chi or the Five Animals (Wu Qin Xi) form. This form mimics animals like the White Crane or the Wild Goose. The second is jing gong, or passive qigong, which involves still positions. This type focuses on the inner movement of the breath. There is also a therapeutic distinction between internal and external qigong. Internal qigong focuses on self-care, while external qigong involves a therapist directing qi to another person.

Historically, qigong has roots in Chinese culture dating back over 2,000 years. Different segments of society developed various forms for specific purposes. Traditional Chinese medicine used it for curative functions. Confucianism utilized it to improve moral character and longevity. Taoism and Buddhism integrated it into meditative practices. Martial arts practitioners used it to enhance self-defense abilities. In the past, masters passed these traditions down to students through oral transmission. This helped preserve the specific techniques of different lineages.

The modern term "qigong" was promoted between the late 1940s and the 1950s. Liu Guizhen helped establish this name to emphasize health and scientific approaches. He published the first public book on the subject in 1957. This book, "Qigong Therapy Practice," noted the practice's use for longevity. In the 1980s, the practice saw significant growth in scientific interest. Scientist Qian Xuesen advocated for "somatic science" to study human body potentials. By the 1990s, qigong was incredibly popular in China. Estimates suggest between 60 and 200 million people were practitioners during that decade.

The name itself is a combination of two Chinese words: qi and gong. Qi refers to a metaphysical concept of vital energy. It is often associated with air, breath, gas, or even light and heat. Gong refers to cultivation, skill, or achievement through great effort. This is similar to the term gongfu, which means mastery through work. When combined, the words describe the work of cultivating life energy. Practitioners use various techniques to reach advanced goals. These include achieving equanimity, tranquility, and eventually complete stillness.

Qigong connects to many broader fields of study and tradition. It is deeply linked to the Five Elements Theory and the concept of yin and yang. In a medical context, it focuses on restoring natural physiological functions without surgery. In a martial arts context, it provides the foundation for styles like xingyiquan. Some forms even use external agents, such as herbs or massage, to aid the process. Today, the Chinese Health Qigong Association regulates public practice. They ensure that instructors are certified and that training follows state-approved forms.

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