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Double Ninth Festival

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The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional East Asian holiday. It occurs on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese calendar. In Chinese tradition, the number nine is considered a yang number. Yang refers to a specific type of spiritual energy. Because the ninth day of the ninth month contains two nines, it has extra yang. This makes the date highly auspicious, or lucky. For this reason, some people call it the Double Yang Festival.

Karasu-zumo a
Karasu-zumo a

Many people celebrate this day to wish for longevity and good health. One primary way to observe the festival is by climbing mountains. This activity is often paired with drinking chrysanthemum liquor or tea. People also wear the zhuyu plant, which is known as Cornus officinalis or dogwood. Both the chrysanthemum and the zhuyu plant have cleansing qualities. Historically, these plants were used to air out houses or treat illnesses. Today, the festival remains a time for hiking and appreciating chrysanthemum blossoms.

There are several distinct ways people participate in these traditions. In China, people might fly kites or make special flower cakes. Some families use the day to welcome married daughters back home for visits. In Korea, the festival is called Jungyangjeol. Koreans often eat pancakes made with chrysanthemum leaves to promote health. In Japan, the holiday is known as Chōyō. It is one of the five sacred ancient festivals, or sekku. Japanese celebrations often take place at Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples.

Karasu-zumo a
Karasu-zumo a

Legends provide different explanations for the festival's origins. One story dates back to the Han dynasty. A man named Huan was advised by his teacher, Fei, to climb a mountain. Fei told him to bring chrysanthemum wine and food on the ninth day. Huan followed these instructions and returned home to find his livestock were safe. Had he stayed home, he and his family might have faced danger. Another legend involves an imperial court plot during the time of Emperor Gaozu of Han. A maid named Jia told common people to wear dogwood and drink chrysanthemum wine to stay safe. This custom eventually spread to the wider public.

Family veneration is a major part of the holiday's significance. Many people visit the graves of their ancestors to pay their respects. In Hong Kong and Macau, families treat this as a statutory public holiday. They visit ancestral graves to clean them and repaint inscriptions. Families may lay out food offerings like fruit or roast suckling pig. After the spirits consume the spiritual element of the food, the family eats it. This process connects the living with those who came before them.

In modern times, the festival has taken on new social roles. In Taiwan, the holiday was rededicated as Senior Citizens' Day in 1966. This change emphasizes the importance of caring for and appreciating the elderly. Local governments in Taiwan often provide small cash payments to senior citizens for the occasion. In some areas, mountain climbing races are held to celebrate. The winners of these races are awarded a wreath made of zhuyu.

Karasu-zumo a
Karasu-zumo a

Food plays a symbolic role in these celebrations. In Taiwan, stores sell rice cakes called "gāo." This name is a homophone, meaning it sounds like the word for height. This connection symbolizes the wish for longevity. Some rice cakes are decorated with colorful flags to represent the zhuyu plant. In Japan, people might eat chestnut rice or chestnuts with glutinous rice. These specific foods help mark the seasonal transition and the festival's themes.

Karasu-zumo a
Karasu-zumo a

The festival connects to broader cultural systems across East Asia. While the timing may differ, the themes of health and nature remain constant. In Japan, the festival is often observed on September 9 of the Gregorian calendar. This differs from the lunisolar calendar used in other regions. Despite these differences, the core focus on the ninth day persists. Whether through the Karasu-zumo sumo matches in Kyoto or Korean picnics, the holiday links people to their environment. It remains a vital way to honor history, family, and the changing seasons.

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