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Ghost Festival

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"text": "The Ghost Festival is a significant traditional observance in various East and Southeast Asian cultures. It is known by several names, including the Hungry Ghost Festival, the Zhongyuan Festival in Taoism, and the Yulanpen Festival in Buddhism.

Chinese floating lotus lanterns
Chinese floating lotus lanterns

The festival follows the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar. It typically falls on the 15th night of the seventh month. In some parts of southern China, the date is observed on the 14th. During this seventh month, often called the Ghost Month, the realms of the living and the spirit worlds are believed to open. This allows ghosts and spirits, including deceased ancestors, to visit the earthly realm from the lower realm, known as Diyu or Preta. Unlike the Qingming Festival, where living descendants visit graves to honor ancestors, the Ghost Festival is characterized by the belief that the deceased actively visit the living.\n\nRituals during this period focus on veneration and the concept of filial piety. Descendants perform specific actions to care for the spirits of their ancestors. Families often prepare elaborate meals, which are frequently vegetarian in nature.

Food offerings for the Mid-Autumn festival in Ecopark (2017)
Food offerings for the Mid-Autumn festival in Ecopark (2017)

To treat the deceased as if they were still present, families may leave empty seats at the dining table. Another common practice involves burning incense containing Styrax benzoin. People also burn joss paper, which is a papier-mâché material. This paper is crafted into various items such as clothes, gold, and other fine goods. Burning these items is believed to provide material value to the spirits in the afterlife.

Hungry Ghost Festival IVan Damanik12 15 Agustus 2019
Hungry Ghost Festival IVan Damanik12 15 Agustus 2019

\n\nThe festival includes different types of spirits and specific ways to interact with them. While many rituals focus on family ancestors, the festival also includes paying respects to all deceased individuals. This distinguishes it from the Qingming Festival, which focuses primarily on older generations. Some spirits are considered \"hungry ghosts\" or preta. These are beings driven by intense emotional needs in an animalistic way. They may include spirits of those without descendants to care for them. Families also offer tributes to wandering ghosts of strangers. This is done to ensure these homeless souls do not bring misfortune to their lives. In some regions, like Indonesia, people gather at temples to offer items to spirits who died in unlucky ways. This can involve a practice called Sembahyang Rebutan, or scrambling prayer.\n\nReligious history provides the foundation for these traditions. In Buddhism, the festival is linked to the Mahayana scripture known as the Yulanpen or Ullambana Sutra. The text tells of Maudgalyayana, who used his powers to find his deceased mother. He discovered she had been reborn into the hungry ghost realm in a wasted condition. When he tried to give her rice, the food transformed into burning coal.

Moggallana saves his mother
Moggallana saves his mother

To assist her, the Buddha taught that offering food to the sangha, or monastic community, could transfer merits to deceased parents. In Taoism, the name Zhongyuan relates to the \"Three Yuan\" theory involving three great Emperor-

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Moggallana saves his mother.jpg
Moggallana saves his mother.jpg
File:Chinese floating lotus lanterns.jpg
Chinese floating lotus lanterns.jpg
File:Chinese Ghost Festival Getai Performance in Singapore.jpg
Chinese Ghost Festival Getai Performance...
File:Hungry Ghost Festival IVan Damanik12 15 Agustus 2019.jpg
Hungry Ghost Festival IVan Damanik12 15...
File:2024 Ghost Festival of Bangka Lungshan Temple-11.2024-08-18.jpg
2024 Ghost Festival of Bangka Lungshan...
File:Food offerings for the Mid-Autumn festival in Ecopark (2017).jpg
Food offerings for the Mid-Autumn...
File:Kantong02.jpg
Kantong02.jpg
File:Albuquerque Bridge-Sasebo River, Sasebo.jpg
Albuquerque Bridge-Sasebo River, Sasebo.jpg
File:Pinda Daan - Jagannath Ghat - Kolkata 2012-10-15 0701.JPG
Pinda Daan - Jagannath Ghat - Kolkata...
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