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Pointe-à-Pitre

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Pointe-à-Pitre is a vital urban center located in Guadeloupe. Guadeloupe is an overseas region and department of France. It sits within the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. Pointe-à-Pitre serves as a sous-préfecture for the region. It is the seat of the arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre. While Basse-Terre is the administrative capital, Pointe-à-Pitre is the economic capital. The people who live here are known as "Pointois."

The city sits on the southwest portion of Grande-Terre. It faces the Caribbean Sea and lies near the Rivière Salée. This river is also known as the Salt River. The river separates Grande-Terre from Basse-Terre Island. The town is built upon a limestone plateau. This geological feature was a key factor for city construction. A bay called Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin provides a sheltered port nearby.

The name of the city has two possible origins. One popular theory involves a Dutch sailor named Pieter. People believe he may have settled on a promontory in the 17th century. This area faced the Îlet à Cochon, or Hogs Islet. This theory suggests the name evolved from "Pointe-à-Pieter." However, linguists now question this idea. They suggest the name comes from the Spanish word "pitera." This word refers to a type of rope made from agave.

History shows that building the city was a difficult task.

Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843
Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843

French authorities wanted a city at the junction of the two main islands. They tried between 1713 and 1730, but failed. The ground was too swampy and insalubrious. A settlement finally appeared on a hill during the British occupation from 1759 to 1763.

Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01
Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01

After the British left, Governor Gabriel de Clieu officially founded the city in 1764. Workers drained the swamps to allow for urban development.

The city has faced many natural disasters over the years. A great fire destroyed the city in 1780. An earthquake caused destruction again in 1843.

Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843
Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843

Other major disasters include fires in 1850, 1871, and 1931. Earthquakes also struck in 1851 and 1897. Hurricanes caused heavy damage in 1865 and 1928. The city also struggled with several cholera epidemics. Despite these challenges, its sheltered port helped it grow into a major economic hub.

Today, Pointe-à-Pitre is part of a much larger urban area. This area includes eleven different communes. In 2018, the urban unit of Pointe-à-Pitre–Les Abymes had 250,952 inhabitants. This represents 65% of the total population of Guadeloupe. The city itself had a population of 15,410 in 2018.

Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01
Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01

The city is the commercial heart of the region. It is surrounded by communes like Les Abymes, Baie-Mahault, and Le Gosier. The Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport is located north of downtown in Les Abymes.

The economy relies heavily on trade and industry. The Port de Jarry is the main seaport. It is located in Baie-Mahault across the bay. This port has a very large container terminal. The quay is 600 meters long. Major exports include food crops like bananas, cocoa, coffee, and sugar. The region also exports animal products and manufactured goods. These goods include textiles, medicines, and refined petroleum. The Zone Industrielle de Jarry is a major center for light industry and warehousing.

Cultural and religious landmarks define the city's character.

Eglise Saint Pierre et Saint Paul - PA00105864 04
Eglise Saint Pierre et Saint Paul - PA00105864 04

The St. Peter and Paul cathedral is a significant site. It was once the seat of its own Roman Catholic Diocese. In 1951, it joined the Diocese of Basse-Terre.

Musée Saint-John Perse 002
Musée Saint-John Perse 002

Visitors can also explore the Musée Saint-John-Perse. Many buildings were designed by the architect Ali Tur. He worked between 1930 and 1935. He designed the courthouse, the hospice, and several schools. His work helped rebuild the city after the 1928 hurricane.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01.JPG
Ancien hôtel de ville de Pointe-à-Pitre 01.JPG
File:Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843.png
Plan de Pointe-à-Pitre en 1843.png
File:Eglise Saint Pierre et Saint Paul - PA00105864 04.JPG
Eglise Saint Pierre et Saint Paul -...
File:Musée Saint-John Perse 002.JPG
Musée Saint-John Perse 002.JPG
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