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Penthouse (magazine)

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Penthouse is a men's magazine known for its specific editorial style and provocative content. It was founded in London by Bob Guccione, with the first United Kingdom issue appearing in March 1965.

PENTHOUSE1stIssueSept1969
PENTHOUSE1stIssueSept1969

Guccione later launched an American edition in September 1969, which became his flagship publication. The magazine used a skeleton key as its official symbol. Guccione explained that the key design united symbols for male and female, such as the circle and arrow. He also used a triplicated key for the London Penthouse Club. Guccione stated that three was his lucky number, which influenced this design choice.

The magazine's visual style was shaped by Guccione's unique background. Because he lacked formal resources in the early years, he personally photographed many of the models. He did not have professional training in photography, but he applied his knowledge of painting to his work. This created a diffused, soft focus look that became a trademark of the publication. Guccione would sometimes spend several days to complete a single photo shoot. The magazine was known for being more sexually explicit than many other men's magazines of that era. It was the first to feature female pubic hair and full-frontal nudity.

Beyond its photography, Penthouse was known for its investigative journalism. Guccione chose an editorial line that was more sensational than his competitor, Playboy. The magazine's writers often focused on government cover-ups and political scandals. Many famous authors contributed to the publication, including Isaac Asimov and James Baldwin. Other notable contributors included T. C. Boyle, Joyce Carol Oates, and Philip Roth. This serious reporting led to unexpected recognition for the magazine. In 1975, Brandeis University honored Guccione for focusing on critical issues like the welfare of Vietnam veterans.

However, the magazine's investigative work sometimes led to intense legal battles. In 1975, Penthouse published an article about the La Costa Resort and Spa in California. The story claimed the resort was linked to organized crime and used questionable loans. The owners filed a libel lawsuit against the magazine for $522 million. This legal struggle lasted several years, with total litigation costs estimated to exceed $20 million. In 1982, a jury found that the magazine was not liable for the claims. The two sides eventually reached a settlement in 1985 after an appeal.

In the late 1990s, the magazine faced significant challenges due to changing media habits. In 1997, the U.S. edition attempted to boost sales by switching to hardcore content. This included featuring actual sexual penetration and other highly explicit material. This decision had a negative effect on the business. Many companies no longer wanted their products associated with the magazine. As a result, advertisers quickly removed their ads from the pages. This loss of advertising revenue contributed to a period of sharp commercial decline.

Financial difficulties continued as the digital age arrived. Guccione admitted that the company had grossed between $3.5 billion and $4 billion over its 30-year history. Despite this, the company struggled with debt and poor business decisions. In 1999, the company sold some automotive titles to raise $33 million in cash. However, other publications like Omni and Longevity lost nearly $100 million. This contributed to the parent company, General Media, filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2003. Guccione resigned as chairman and CEO in November 2004.

Since 2005, Penthouse has undergone several changes in ownership and content. New owners significantly softened the magazine's content to attract mainstream advertisers. They stopped showing male genitalia and most forms of hardcore content. While this helped bring some advertisers back, it did not lead to a large increase in subscribers. The total circulation remains below 350,000. The U.S. edition printed its final paper issue in 2023. The current owner, Penthouse World Media, stated that the magazine might return in the future. For now, the publication remains in a state of limbo.

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