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Passenger train

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A passenger train is a specialized rail vehicle designed to transport people along a railroad line. Unlike freight trains, which move goods and materials, passenger trains focus on human mobility. These trains serve as a vital part of global transportation systems. They allow people to move between cities, regions, and even different countries.

Oulu railway station 20180107
Oulu railway station 20180107

Because they often operate on fixed schedules, passenger trains usually receive priority over freight trains on shared tracks. This ensures that travelers can rely on timely arrivals and departures at stations or depots.

There are two primary ways these trains are constructed and powered. The first method uses a locomotive to haul unpowered passenger cars. These cars are often called coaches or carriages. This setup is more expensive to operate, but it provides a higher passenger capacity. The second method involves self-propelled vehicles known as multiple units or railcars. These trains carry their own power source, making them more efficient for certain types of service.

Neue Mühle 3
Neue Mühle 3

Some trains even use bi-level cars, which are double-decker vehicles designed to maximize seating capacity.

Passenger rail is categorized by the distance traveled and the speed of the service. Long-distance trains travel between distant cities or across national borders. These often include specialized cars, such as dining cars for meals or sleeping cars with beds for overnight journeys.

Oulu railway station 20180107
Oulu railway station 20180107

A growing category is high-speed rail, which typically operates at very high speeds on dedicated tracks. The first successful high-speed system was Japan's Shinkansen, or "bullet train," which began in October 1964.

Series-N700A-F20
Series-N700A-F20

Other famous examples include the TGV in France and the ICE in Germany. High-speed rail is often time-competitive with air travel for distances under 500 miles.

Inter-city services provide fast travel between urban areas and are divided into three main groups. InterCity services use high-speed trains to connect major population hubs while bypassing intermediate stations. Express services call at some middle stations to serve larger urban communities. Regional services call at all intermediate stations to reach smaller communities along the route.

City of Rockhampton train (Sunshine railway station, Brisbane)
City of Rockhampton train (Sunshine railway station, Brisbane)

Some high-speed trains use tilting technology to improve stability. This dynamic form of superelevation allows trains to navigate curves more comfortably and at higher speeds. Examples include the Pendolino and Amtrak's Acela.

In urban environments, different types of short-distance rail exist to manage high volumes of people. Commuter trains, also known as suburban trains, serve people living outside a city who work within it. These are highly efficient because they operate on dedicated rights-of-way, allowing them to bypass road traffic.

Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station
Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station

Rapid transit, often called a metro, operates on exclusive tracks where pedestrians and cars cannot enter. Light rail systems use lighter equipment and run at slower speeds for better urban integration.

Sound Transit Light Rail 77
Sound Transit Light Rail 77

Trams, or streetcars, are another option that run along or within public urban streets.

The history of passenger rail began in the early 19th century. The first locomotive to carry passengers in the United Kingdom occurred in 1804 at Penydarren Ironworks in Wales. An engine designed by Richard Trevithick transported 70 employees over 9 miles.

Locomotion No. 1.
Locomotion No. 1.

The first steam train on a public railway was Locomotion No. 1, which ran in 1825 at speeds up to 15 miles per hour. In the 1930s, streamliner trains were developed to reinvigorate the industry.

City of San Francisco SP Advertisement 1938
City of San Francisco SP Advertisement 1938

Later, electric passenger trains emerged, with the first successful commercial version running in Lichterfelde in 1880.

Passenger rail is an environmentally significant mode of transport. It has one of the lowest carbon dioxide emissions of any travel method. Rail travel emits only 2% to 27% of the carbon dioxide per mile compared to air travel.

Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station
Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station

Compared to cars, rail travel emits between 2% and 24% of the carbon dioxide per mile. This makes it a much cleaner option for moving large numbers of people. Beyond environment and speed, heritage trains also preserve history. These are often operated by volunteers using retired historic vehicles to act as tourist attractions.

'Flying Scotsman' (40944346730)
'Flying Scotsman' (40944346730)
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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Locomotion No. 1..jpg
Locomotion No. 1..jpg
File:City_of_San_Francisco_SP_Advertisement_1938.jpg
City_of_San_Francisco_SP_Advertisement_1938.jpg
File:Oulu railway station 20180107.jpg
Oulu railway station 20180107.jpg
File:Series-N700A-F20.jpg
Series-N700A-F20.jpg
File:City_of_Rockhampton_train_(Sunshine_railway_station,_Brisbane).jpg
City_of_Rockhampton_train_(Sunshine_railwa...
File:Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station.jpg
Mumbai 03-2016 57 Sewri station.jpg
File:Neue_Mühle_3.jpg
Neue_Mühle_3.jpg
File:1202 Chatswood, 2019 (01).jpg
1202 Chatswood, 2019 (01).jpg
File:Sound Transit Light Rail 77.jpg
Sound Transit Light Rail 77.jpg
File:Citadis 405 n°907 à Porte de Choisy par Cramos.JPG
Citadis 405 n°907 à Porte de Choisy par Cramos.JPG
File:'Flying_Scotsman'_(40944346730).jpg
'Flying_Scotsman'_(40944346730).jpg
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