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Parachute

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A parachute is a device used to slow an object as it falls through the air. It works by creating drag, which is a force that pushes against the object's movement. This happens when the large surface of the parachute catches the air. By catching the air, the device creates aerodynamic lift to slow the descent.

Parachutes help people jump safely from high aircraft. They are also used to slow cargo or help space capsules land on Earth. Some even help spacecraft land on other planets.

How a parachute works depends on its shape and material. Early versions used linen stretched over a heavy wooden frame. Later, makers used silk because it is light and strong.

First parachute2
First parachute2

Modern parachutes are often made of durable nylon. They come in many shapes, such as domes or rectangles. Some shapes are even inverted domes. A vent in the canopy can help stop the parachute from shaking too much.

3Ring release animation
3Ring release animation

This makes the landing much smoother for the person or object below.

People have dreamed of using parachutes for many centuries. In AD 852, Armen Firman in Córdoba, Spain, used a large cloak to slow a fall.

Early flight 02561u (3)
Early flight 02561u (3)

During the Renaissance, Francesco di Giorgio Martini sketched a conical design in the 1470s. Leonardo da Vinci also drew a pyramidal design in his Codex Atlanticus.

Conical Parachute, 1470s, British Museum Add. MSS 34,113, fol. 200v
Conical Parachute, 1470s, British Museum Add. MSS 34,113, fol. 200v

Faust Vrančić later drew a design called "Homo Volans," or "Flying Man," in his book published around 1615. These early sketches helped lead to the tools we use today.

Real progress happened in the late 1700s. Louis-Sébastien Lenormand made the first public jump in 1783 in France. He created the word "parachute" in 1785.

Early flight 02561u (4)
Early flight 02561u (4)

André Garnerin later made the first descent using a frameless silk parachute in 1797. In 1907, Charles Broadwick showed how to fold a parachute into a backpack.

Gleb Kotelnikov
Gleb Kotelnikov

Gleb Kotelnikov also invented a knapsack parachute in 1911. In 1912, Albert Berry made the first parachute jump from a fixed-wing aircraft in the United States.

Albert Berry parachute
Albert Berry parachute

Today, parachutes are part of many different activities. They are essential for military paratroopers during training or missions.

USMC Paratrooper
USMC Paratrooper

Many people also use them for recreational sports like skydiving. In emergencies, they can help people exit a failing aircraft. Even astronauts use them to land safely in the ocean.

Apollo 15 descends to splashdown
Apollo 15 descends to splashdown

From ancient cloaks to modern nylon, the parachute continues to evolve with new technology.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) paratroopers jump from a U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules aircraft over Bangladesh during exercise Cope South 14 Nov. 10, 2013 131110-F-SI013-240.jpg
Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) paratroopers...
File:Conical Parachute, 1470s, British Museum Add. MSS 34,113, fol. 200v.jpg
Conical Parachute, 1470s, British Museum...
File:Homo Volans.jpg
Homo Volans.jpg
File:Early flight 02561u (3).jpg
Early flight 02561u (3).jpg
File:Early flight 02561u (4).jpg
Early flight 02561u (4).jpg
File:First parachute2.jpg
First parachute2.jpg
File:FirstParachute.png
FirstParachute.png
File:Gleb Kotelnikov.jpg
Gleb Kotelnikov.jpg
File:Albert Berry parachute.jpg
Albert Berry parachute.jpg
File:Photography Q27506.jpg
Photography Q27506.jpg
File:Ben Turner making a parachute jump 1938.jpg
Ben Turner making a parachute jump 1938.jpg
File:USMC Paratrooper.jpg
USMC Paratrooper.jpg

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