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Oven

technology Maturity 11-13 Vital Level 3 Next article →

An oven is a tool used to expose materials to a hot environment.

Oven.agr
Oven.agr

It contains a hollow chamber that provides a way to heat things in a controlled way. Ovens are very useful for many different tasks. People often use them for cooking, such as baking or broiling food. They can also be used to make things like ceramics and pottery. These special ovens are sometimes called kilns.

Four à céramique - Japan Auréa - 2011-0403- P1070446
Four à céramique - Japan Auréa - 2011-0403- P1070446

Some ovens are even used to make metal or glass.

There are many ways that an oven can produce heat. Some ovens use the combustion of fuel, like wood, coal, or natural gas. Many other ovens use electricity to work. Electric ovens often use resistive heating to create warmth.

Oven.agr
Oven.agr

Microwave ovens work in a different way. They use microwave radiation to heat materials. This radiation excites the water molecules inside food. This movement creates friction, which produces heat. Some ovens also use forced convection. This means they move gases around inside the chamber to help the heating process.

Humans have used ovens since ancient times. The earliest ovens were found in Central Europe around 29,000 BC.

Stove bench in a living room
Stove bench in a living room

These were roasting pits used to cook mammoth. In Ukraine, people used pits with hot coals and ashes around 20,000 BC. By 6600 BC, clay ovens appeared in Çatalhöyük. In Egypt, people used ovens and kilns between 5000 and 4000 BC to make pottery. Around 3200 BC, cultures in the Indus Valley used ovens to cook and make bricks.

Pizza-oven
Pizza-oven

Ovens have changed a lot throughout history. In the early 1700s, cast-iron stoves began to be used. The coal oven was developed in the early 19th century. Gas ovens also appeared during that same time. James Sharp patented one of the first gas stoves in 1826.

Oven.agr
Oven.agr

In 1922, Gustaf Dalén invented the AGA cooker. The microwave oven was discovered much later by Percy Spencer in 1946.

TW Panasonic NN-S215
TW Panasonic NN-S215

The first commercial microwave was used in Boston by 1947.

Today, you can find many different kinds of ovens in homes. A toaster oven is a small electric oven with a door and a rack.

Zojirushi toaster oven ET-TB15 2
Zojirushi toaster oven ET-TB15 2

Some kitchens have a double oven built into the cabinets. Wall ovens are also common and help people avoid bending over. You might even see a masonry oven used to make pizza.

Pizza-oven
Pizza-oven

These ovens use fireproof brick or stone to hold the heat. Many of these tools help us prepare the food we eat every day.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Double oven.jpg
Double oven.jpg
File:Four à céramique - Japan Auréa - 2011-0403- P1070446.JPG
Four à céramique - Japan Auréa -...
File:Stove bench in a living room.JPG
Stove bench in a living room.JPG
File:Pizza-oven.jpg
Pizza-oven.jpg
File:TW Panasonic NN-S215.jpg
TW Panasonic NN-S215.jpg
File:Oven.agr.jpg
Oven.agr.jpg
File:Zojirushi toaster oven ET-TB15 2.jpg
Zojirushi toaster oven ET-TB15 2.jpg
File:Oven Thermometers (4106971935).jpg
Oven Thermometers (4106971935).jpg
File:Industrial hearth deck oven and rotary rack oven.JPG
Industrial hearth deck oven and rotary...
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