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Nut (fruit)

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A nut is a very special kind of fruit.

It has a hard or tough shell called a nutshell. This shell protects a kernel inside. Most people find this kernel to be edible. In science, a nut is called indehiscent. This means the shell does not open to let the seed out. Most seeds come from fruits that free themselves naturally. But true nuts stay inside their hard walls.

4 walnut kernels
4 walnut kernels

A seed is made of three important parts. First, it has an embryo. This part will grow into a new plant. Second, it has stored food for that embryo. Third, it has a protective seed coat. Some nuts grow inside a cup-shaped structure called an involucre. This structure comes from flower bracts. An involucre can look scaly, spiny, leafy, or even tubular. The exact shape depends on the type of nut.

Très serré
Très serré

Many different plants produce these fruits. Some come from the family Fagaceae. This family includes beech, chestnut, oak, stone-oak, and tanoak. Other nuts come from the family Betulaceae. This group includes hazel, filbert, and hornbeam. Some fruits are hard to classify. For example, walnuts and hickories are sometimes called drupaceous nuts. A very small nut might be called a nutlet.

Nuts are very useful for humans and wildlife. They provide many calories from fats. These include linoleic acid and linolenic acid. They also have monounsaturated fats. Nuts are rich in B vitamins and vitamin E. They also have essential amino acids. Most nuts have high protein and dietary fiber. They usually have low water and carbohydrate levels. People eat them raw, roasted, or sprouted.

4 walnut kernels
4 walnut kernels

We can use nuts in many ways. We can grind them to make nut butters. We can press them to make oil. This oil is used in cooking and cosmetics. Some people soak them to make nut milk. However, some people have allergies to nuts. This can cause a reaction called anaphylaxis. This happens when the body releases histamine. It is important to know that peanuts are legumes. They are not the same as tree nuts.

Très serré
Très serré
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