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Nephrops norvegicus

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The Norway lobster, known scientifically as *Nephrops norvegicus*, is a slender, coral-colored crustacean.

Nephrops norvegicus 1
Nephrops norvegicus 1

It is often called a Dublin Bay prawn, a langostino, or scampi. This species is the only living member of the genus *Nephrops*. Other related species were moved to the genus *Metanephrops*. These lobsters are important to both marine ecosystems and global fisheries. They play a role in energy transfer within the ocean. They also serve as a significant food source for humans and other sea creatures.

Physically, the Norway lobster has a body shape similar to a traditional lobster, but it is much narrower.

Nephrops norvegicus 1
Nephrops norvegicus 1

A hard shell called a carapace protects its cephalothorax, which is the head and chest area. Its abdomen is long and segmented, ending in a wide tail fan. The animal has three pairs of legs that bear claws, or chelipeds. The first pair is very long and has ridges of spines. Its eyes are kidney-shaped, which is why its genus name comes from the Greek words for kidney and eye.

Monaco.Musée océanographique083
Monaco.Musée océanographique083

These lobsters live in specific parts of the ocean. They inhabit the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Mediterranean Sea. Their range extends from Iceland and northern Norway down to Portugal. However, they are not found in the Baltic Sea or the Black Sea. They prefer muddy seabed sediments that contain more than 40 percent silt and clay. Because they need this specific type of mud, their distribution is very patchy. They are divided into over 30 different populations. These groups are often separated by difficult terrain. Adults rarely travel more than a few hundred metres from their homes.

Most of a Norway lobster's life is spent in semi-permanent burrows.

Monaco.Musée océanographique083
Monaco.Musée océanographique083

These burrows vary in size and structure. Adults only leave these shelters to find food or to mate. They are scavengers and predators that forage mainly during periods of low light. They hunt for worms, fish, and even jellyfish. To eat, they use their chelipeds and walking legs to capture prey. They then use their anterior walking legs and maxillipeds to move the food to their mouths.

Nephrops norvegicus with roe
Nephrops norvegicus with roe

The life cycle of *Nephrops norvegicus* is closely tied to the environment. Most live between 5 and 10 years, though some reach 15 years. Their breeding cycles change based on where they live. In the north, they may breed every two years. In the south, they might breed every year. The time it takes for eggs to hatch depends on water temperature. In cold water, incubation takes longer. In warm water, females might delay spawning to recover from moulting. After hatching, the larvae drift in currents for one to two months. This stage is called the planktonic larval stage.

Many interesting organisms live on or inside the lobster. Some creatures, like the barnacle *Balanus crenatus*, attach to the outside of the shell. In 1995, scientists discovered a tiny creature called *Symbion pandora* on the lobster's mouthparts. This was a major discovery because it belonged to a brand-new phylum called Cycliophora. However, the lobster also faces threats from parasites. The most significant is a dinoflagellate called *Hematodinium*. This parasite causes a syndrome where the shell turns opaque and the animal's fluids turn milky white.

Norway Lobster Scotland
Norway Lobster Scotland

The Norway lobster is also a major part of the fishing industry. About 60,000 tonnes are caught every year. Half of this catch comes from United Kingdom waters. Some fishermen use large nets called trawls. Others use lobster creels, which are small cages. Creel fishing is often better for the seafloor and uses less fuel. It also produces higher-quality lobsters that sell for much more money. In some areas, like the Farne Deeps, fishing has been strictly controlled to help the population recover. This shows how important it is to manage these animals sustainably.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Nephrops norvegicus 1.jpg
Nephrops norvegicus 1.jpg
File:Monaco.Musée océanographique083.jpg
Monaco.Musée océanographique083.jpg
File:Nephrops norvegicus with roe.JPG
Nephrops norvegicus with roe.JPG
File:Norway Lobster Scotland.jpg
Norway Lobster Scotland.jpg
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