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Palaemon serratus

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The common prawn, scientifically known as *Palaemon serratus*, is a significant species of shrimp. It is found throughout the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Denmark to Mauritania. These crustaceans also inhabit the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. As the largest native shrimp and prawns near the British Isles, they play a vital role in marine ecosystems. Understanding their biology and habitat helps scientists monitor ocean health.

Physically, *Palaemon serratus* has very specific features. They possess a pinkish brown color with reddish patterns. One primary way to identify them is by their rostrum. A rostrum is a pointed part of the shell extending from the head. In this species, the rostrum curves upward and is bifurcated, meaning it is split at the tip. The upper edge of the rostrum has 6 to 7 teeth. The lower edge features 4 to 5 teeth. While other shrimp have curved rostrums, their teeth usually continue further toward the tip.

These prawns have unique biological traits and behaviors. They typically live in groups within rocky crevices. They can survive at depths of up to 50 meters. Most individuals live for a lifespan of 3 to 5 years. Within a population, females grow faster than males. The population is also highly seasonal. There is a very pronounced peak in their numbers during the autumn months.

Scientists have also studied the sensory abilities of this invertebrate. *Palaemon serratus* is one of the few invertebrates studied for its hearing. They are sensitive to sound frequencies between 100 Hz and 3 kHz. This level of auditory acuity is similar to that of many generalist fish. A prawn's specific hearing range will change as it grows larger. However, every individual is capable of hearing tones at 500 Hz.

In the wild, these prawns face many natural pressures. They are preyed upon by various fish species. These include members of the Mullidae, Moronidae, Sparidae, and Batrachoididae families. Some prawns may also carry parasites. An isopod parasite, such as *Bopyrus squillarum*, can infect them. This parasite causes a prominent bulge in the carapace, which is the hard upper shell, over the gills.

Human activity has created a commercial interest in these shrimp. A small fishery exists on the west coast of Great Britain. This includes West Wales, from Cemaes Head to the Llŷn Peninsula. The fishery is also moving north into parts of Scotland. In Ireland, the industry began at Baltimore in County Cork during the 1970s. This fishing activity eventually expanded across the country.

Data shows the scale of the Irish prawn industry. In 1999, a peak landing of 548 t was recorded. Most of this catch comes from just four counties. These are Galway, Kerry, Cork, and Waterford, which account for over 90% of the total. However, there is growing concern regarding overfishing. This means the prawns may be being caught faster than they can reproduce. To protect them, officials are considering limits like a minimum landing size.

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