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Motmot

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Motmots belong to the family Momotidae. They are part of a larger group called Coraciiformes. This order also contains kingfishers, bee-eaters, and rollers. All living motmots live in the Neotropics. This region includes warm woodlands and forests. The largest species live in Central America. These birds are known for their colorful plumage. They also possess relatively heavy bills.

Broad-billed motmot (02760)
Broad-billed motmot (02760)

Most motmots have long tails. Many species have a unique racket-like tip. This shape is formed by a specific process. The barbs near the ends of the two longest central tail feathers are weak. These barbs fall off due to abrasion with substrates. They also fall off during a process called preening. Preening is when a bird cleans its feathers. This leaves behind a bare shaft. This bare part creates the racket shape.

Broad-billed motmot (02760)
Broad-billed motmot (02760)

In the past, scientists had a different idea. They believed the birds plucked their own feathers. They thought the motmot pulled out parts of the feather web. This idea came from inaccurate reports by Charles William Beebe. We now know this is not how it happens. The barbs are simply weakly attached. They fall off naturally through daily life. Some species do not have this racket shape. These include the tody motmot and the blue-throated motmot. The rufous-capped motmot also has a normal tail. Amazonian populations of the rufous and broad-billed motmots are also normal.

Motmots have very specific ways of living and eating. They eat small prey like insects and lizards. They also eat fruit. In Nicaragua and Costa Rica, they have been seen eating poison dart frogs. For nesting, they use tunnels in banks. They typically lay about four white eggs. The eggs hatch after roughly 20 days. The young birds leave the nest after 30 more days. Both parents help to care for the young. Some species live in large colonies. These colonies can have up to 40 paired individuals.

These birds use their tails to communicate. They often move them back and forth in a wag-display. This display draws attention to the bird. Research on the turquoise-browed motmot shows why they do this. They perform the wag-display when they detect a predator. This is an interspecific pursuit-deterrent signal. It tells the predator that the motmot sees it. It also shows the bird is ready to escape. This benefits both the bird and the predator. The bird saves energy by not fleeing unnecessarily. The predator avoids a costly chase that will likely fail.

Broad-billed motmot (02760)
Broad-billed motmot (02760)

There are many different types of motmots. There are a total of 7 subspecies. The largest concentration of these birds is in Honduras and Guatemala. Motmots are very important to their home countries. The motmot is the national bird of Nicaragua. It is also the national bird of El Salvador. In the turquoise-browed motmot, the tail is also used for mating. The male tail is slightly larger than the female tail. This acts as a sexual signal.

Broad-billed motmot (02760)
Broad-billed motmot (02760)

Scientists have found clues about the history of these birds. There is a fossil genus called Protornis from the Oligocene. It was found in Switzerland. It might be a primitive motmot. There is also a partial bone from a motmot found in the USA. This bone was found in Alachua County. It comes from early Hemphilian deposits from about 8 million years ago. This bone might belong to a species that lives today. These fossils help us understand how the Momotidae family began.

Broad-billed motmot (02760)
Broad-billed motmot (02760)
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File:Broad-billed motmot (02760).jpg
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