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Trogon

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Trogons are a unique family of birds belonging to the order Trogoniformes.

Masked trogon (Trogon personatus temperatus) male San Isidro
Masked trogon (Trogon personatus temperatus) male San Isidro

This family, known as Trogonidae, contains 49 different species. These birds are found in tropical and subtropical forests worldwide. They live in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The name "trogon" comes from a Greek word meaning "nibbling."

Quetzal entering nest
Quetzal entering nest

This refers to how they gnaw holes into trees to create nests. They may also nest inside termite mounds. Most species lay between two and four white or pastel-colored eggs.

The physical structure of a trogon is very specialized for life in the trees. They have compact bodies and short necks. Many species have long tails, especially the quetzals. Their legs and feet are quite weak and short.

TrogonPlantarTendon
TrogonPlantarTendon

In fact, the ratio of leg muscle to body weight is only 3%. This is the lowest ratio of any known bird. Because of this, they cannot walk or even turn around on a branch. They must use their wings to move or shuffle. They are the only animals with a heterodactyl toe arrangement. This means their toes are arranged in a unique way that differs from other birds.

Trogons use a specific method to find and catch their food. This process is called a sally-glean flight.

First, the bird sits on an observation perch. It watches for a target, such as an insect or a piece of fruit. Next, the bird flies out from the branch toward the target. It may hover or stall in the air to snatch the item. Finally, the bird returns to its original perch to eat. They eat insects, arthropods, and fruit. Some larger species eat more fruit, while smaller ones focus on insects. They even eat small vertebrates like lizards.

The family is divided into three distinct subfamilies based on where they live. The Apalodermatinae subfamily lives in Africa and contains the genus Apaloderma. The Harpactinae subfamily is found in Asia and includes two genera, Harpactes and Apalharpactes.

Javan Trogon (Harpactes reinwardtii reinwardtii)
Javan Trogon (Harpactes reinwardtii reinwardtii)

The largest group is the Neotropical Trogoninae. This subfamily lives in the Americas and includes four genera: Trogon, Priotelus, Pharomachrus, and Euptilotis.

Cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus)
Cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus)

Some species, like the quetzals, are adapted to cooler montane forests. Others, like the Narina trogon, can live in many different habitats.

Scientists have spent a long time trying to understand the history of trogons.

TrogonSkull
TrogonSkull

Their exact place in the bird family tree has been a mystery. Some researchers once thought they were related to owls or parrots. Recent DNA studies have suggested links to the Coliiformes. The fossil record shows trogons have existed for at least 49 million years. This dates back to the Early Eocene. The oldest known fossil is a skull found in Denmark from 54 million years ago. Other fossils have been found in Germany, Switzerland, and France.

Most trogons are not migratory birds. They are generally sedentary, meaning they stay in one area.

Narina Trogon, Apaloderma narina MALE at Lekgalameetse Provincial Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa (14654439002)
Narina Trogon, Apaloderma narina MALE at Lekgalameetse Provincial Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa (14654439002)

Some species make small local movements based on the seasons. For example, montane species might move to lower altitudes. The Narina trogon is an exception, as it is very successful and widespread. It can live in everything from dense forests to open savannah. Most other species prefer undisturbed primary forests. They usually stay in the middle part of the forest canopy.

Understanding trogons helps scientists learn about evolution and forest ecosystems. Their unique toe arrangement and flight patterns make them a special subject for study.

Their presence in different parts of the world tells a story of how continents changed. For instance, a 2008 study suggested the genus Trogon moved into South America after the Isthmus of Panama formed. This event is part of the Great American Interchange. By studying these birds, we see how animals adapt to new lands and new diets over millions of years.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Masked trogon (Trogon personatus temperatus) male San Isidro.jpg
Masked trogon (Trogon personatus...
File:Dans l'ombre des dinosaures - Masillatrogon - 018.jpg
Dans l'ombre des dinosaures -...
File:TrogonPlantarTendon.jpg
TrogonPlantarTendon.jpg
File:TrogonSkull.jpg
TrogonSkull.jpg
File:Quetzal entering nest.jpg
Quetzal entering nest.jpg
File:Narina Trogon, Apaloderma narina MALE at Lekgalameetse Provincial Reserve, Limpopo, South Africa (14654439002).jpg
Narina Trogon, Apaloderma narina MALE at...
File:Javan Trogon (Harpactes reinwardtii reinwardtii).jpg
Javan Trogon (Harpactes reinwardtii...
File:Harpactes oreskios - Kaeng Krachan.jpg
Harpactes oreskios - Kaeng Krachan.jpg
File:Cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus).JPG
Cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus).JPG
File:Black-headed Trogon-Trogon melanocephalus-Male.jpg
Black-headed Trogon-Trogon melanocephalus-Male.jpg
File:Euptilotis neoxenus.jpg
Euptilotis neoxenus.jpg
File:Pharomachrus mocinno -male.jpg
Pharomachrus mocinno -male.jpg
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