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Monte Melkonian

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Monte Melkonian was an Armenian-American revolutionary and a military commander. He was a key leader in the Artsakh Defense Army. He also became known as a National Hero of Armenia. Melkonian lived a life defined by intense political and military activity across several different countries.

Monte Melkonian bust Victory Park, Yerevan2
Monte Melkonian bust Victory Park, Yerevan2

Melkonian was born on November 25, 1957, in Visalia, California. His parents were Charles and Zabel Melkonian. His father worked as a self-employed cabinet maker. His mother was an elementary-school teacher. As a child, Melkonian was involved in the Boy Scouts. He also played baseball as a pitcher and played the clarinet. His interest in his Armenian heritage grew after a family trip in 1969. During this trip, they visited Merzifon in Turkey. This town once had 17,000 Armenians, but most were lost during the Armenian genocide in 1915. This experience deeply moved him.

Melkonian was a very gifted student. He attended the University of California, Berkeley. He earned a degree in ancient Asian history and archaeology in less than three years. He was even accepted to the archaeology graduate program at the University of Oxford. Instead of continuing his studies, he chose to travel to the Middle East. He was a polyglot, which means he spoke many languages. He was fluent in Armenian, Spanish, French, and Japanese. He also spoke Arabic, Italian, Turkish, Persian, and Kurdish.

Fatherland Armenia
Fatherland Armenia

His journey into political activism began in 1978 in Iran. He traveled there to teach English. During the Iranian Revolution, he participated in movements to overthrow the Shah. He helped organize a teachers' strike in Tehran. Later, he moved to Beirut, Lebanon. He joined an Armenian militia to defend the Armenian quarter in Bourj Hammoud. During the Lebanese Civil War, he fought various right-wing militias. He also took part in combat against Israel during the 1982 Lebanon War.

Ribbon bar of Order of Fatherland
Ribbon bar of Order of Fatherland

In 1980, Melkonian joined the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, known as ASALA. He served as a militant and a contributor to their journal, Hayastan. During this time, he received military training from Palestinian militant organizations. In 1981, he was involved in a planned attack on the Turkish consulate in Paris. He was later arrested in France in 1985. He was sentenced to six years in prison for carrying an illegal handgun and using false papers. He spent over three years in Fresnes and Poissy prisons.

Monte Melkonian Yerablur
Monte Melkonian Yerablur

Melkonian was released from prison in 1989. He arrived in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic in October 1990. For his first eight months, he worked at the Armenian Academy of Sciences. He prepared a research monograph on Urartian cave tombs. This work was published in 1995. He noticed many economic and political problems in Armenia. He believed the collapse of the Soviet Union would make things very difficult for the Armenian people. He focused his energy on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Melkonian became a significant military leader. He commanded an estimated 4,000 Armenian troops. Many of his soldiers called him "Avo." In 1992, he became the regional commander in Martuni. His leadership helped civilians feel more secure. He helped push back Azerbaijani armies and reduced the shelling of residential areas. In April 1993, he was a chief strategist for the operation to capture the Kalbajar region. This operation took four days of heavy fighting.

Monte Melkonian Yerablur
Monte Melkonian Yerablur

Melkonian died on June 12, 1993. He was killed by Azerbaijani soldiers while surveying the village of Mərzili. This happened during the Battle of Aghdam. He was with five other Armenian soldiers at the time. He was buried at the Yerablur military cemetery in Yerevan. In 1996, the government of Armenia posthumously gave him the title of National Hero. His life remains a major part of Armenian history.

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File:Ribbon bar of Order of Fatherland.png
Ribbon bar of Order of Fatherland.png
File:Monte Melkonian Yerablur.jpg
Monte Melkonian Yerablur.jpg
File:Monte Melkonian bust Victory Park, Yerevan2.jpg
Monte Melkonian bust Victory Park, Yerevan2.jpg
File:Fatherland Armenia.svg
Fatherland Armenia.svg
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