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Minotaur

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The Minotaur is a famous mythical creature from ancient Greek stories.

Minotaurus
Minotaurus

Most people imagine it with the head and tail of a bull and the body of a man. However, some older accounts describe it differently. The Roman poet Ovid said it was part man and part bull without saying which part was which. In some later versions, artists even drew it with a man's head on a bull's body.

Statue of the Minotaur (Roman copy after an original by Myron) at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens on 3 April 2018
Statue of the Minotaur (Roman copy after an original by Myron) at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens on 3 April 2018

This creature was also known by the name Asterion or Asterius. The name Minotaur actually comes from the name of King Minos and the Greek word for bull.

The story of how the creature was born is quite unusual.

Pasiphae Minotauros Cdm Paris DeRidder1066 detail
Pasiphae Minotauros Cdm Paris DeRidder1066 detail

King Minos of Crete once asked the sea god Poseidon for a sign. He asked for a snow-white bull to show the god favored him. Minos was supposed to sacrifice the bull to Poseidon, but he decided to keep it instead. To punish the king, Poseidon caused Minos's wife, Pasiphaë, to fall in love with the bull. With the help of a craftsman named Daedalus, a strange birth occurred. The resulting child was the Minotaur, who grew up to be very fierce.

To keep the creature safe and hidden, King Minos ordered a special building.

Theseus Minotaur BM Vase E84
Theseus Minotaur BM Vase E84

Daedalus and his son Icarus designed an elaborate maze called the Labyrinth. This huge structure was built near the palace at Knossos. The creature lived at the very center of this maze. Because the Minotaur was so fierce, it could not be kept in a normal home. The Labyrinth was meant to ensure no one could easily find or escape the beast.

There is a famous tale about a hero named Theseus who faced the creature.

Plate painted by Lydos. Struggle between Theseus and the Minotaur presumably in the presence of Ariadne
Plate painted by Lydos. Struggle between Theseus and the Minotaur presumably in the presence of Ariadne

According to tradition, the people of Athens had to send fourteen young citizens to the Labyrinth every few years. These people were sent as a penalty after the death of Minos's son, Androgeos. Theseus volunteered to go and fight the Minotaur to stop this cycle. King Minos's daughter, Ariadne, fell in love with him and helped him. She gave him a ball of thread so he could find his way back out of the maze. Theseus used the thread and his strength to defeat the beast.

People have wondered about the Minotaur for thousands of years.

DVinfernoMinotaurOnCliff m
DVinfernoMinotaurOnCliff m

Some thinkers believe the myth might be based on real things. One idea is that the story comes from the many rooms in the palace at Knossos. Another idea is that the myth represents the sun or even geological shifts in the earth. The Minotaur has even appeared in much later works, like Dante's poem about the afterlife. Even today, the story of the maze and the bull-man remains a part of our imagination.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Pasiphae Minotauros Cdm Paris DeRidder1066 detail.jpg
Pasiphae Minotauros Cdm Paris...
File:Kylix Theseus Aison MNA Inv11365 n1.jpg
Kylix Theseus Aison MNA Inv11365 n1.jpg
File:Theseus Minotaur BM Vase E84.jpg
Theseus Minotaur BM Vase E84.jpg
File:Statue of the Minotaur (Roman copy after an original by Myron) at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens on 3 April 2018.jpg
Statue of the Minotaur (Roman copy after...
File:Plate painted by Lydos. Struggle between Theseus and the Minotaur presumably in the presence of Ariadne.jpg
Plate painted by Lydos. Struggle between...
File:Perfume_jar_(Aryballos)_in_the_shape_of_a_minotaur_Greek_made_in_Ionia_580-560_BCE_Terracotta_(1).jpg
Perfume_jar_(Aryballos)_in_the_shape_of_a_...
File:Minotaurus.gif
Minotaurus.gif
File:DVinfernoMinotaurOnCliff m.jpg
DVinfernoMinotaurOnCliff m.jpg
File:Blake Dante Hell XII.jpg
Blake Dante Hell XII.jpg
File:Edward Burne-Jones - Tile Design - Theseus and the Minotaur in the Labyrinth - Google Art Project.jpg
Edward Burne-Jones - Tile Design -...
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