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Melon

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A melon is a sweet and fleshy fruit.

Melonjf7319
Melonjf7319

Many plants belong to the family Cucurbitaceae. The term melon can describe the plant or the fruit itself. Botanically, a melon is a type of berry called a pepo. Most of the melons we eat belong to the species Cucumis melo. This group includes many famous varieties like the cantaloupe and honeydew.

Cantaloupe Melon cross section
Cantaloupe Melon cross section

These fruits are loved for their juicy and tasty flesh.

Melons come in many different shapes and colors. Some have skin that looks like a net. These are called muskmelons, such as the North American cantaloupe. The honeydew is a sweet fruit with green flesh.

Cantaloupe and canary melon
Cantaloupe and canary melon

You might also find a Canary melon, which is bright yellow. Some melons are very large, like the Argos melon from Greece. The Argos has orange skin and orange flesh. Other kinds, like the Crenshaw, are hybrids made from two different melons.

People have grown melons for thousands of years. Some think they first started in Africa. However, new studies suggest they may come from Southwest Asia. This includes places like Iran and India.

Watermelon and melon in India
Watermelon and melon in India

Ancient Egyptians also grew these plants. Seeds found in Sardinia show they reached Europe during the Bronze Age. Early European settlers brought honeydew and casaba melons to the New World in the 1600s. Many Native American tribes in New Mexico still grow their own special melons today.

There are also melons that look very unusual. The horned melon has spikes on its skin.

The watermelon is another famous relative that likely started in Africa. People have grown watermelons for over 4,000 years. Some melons, like the winter melon, are used as vegetables in Asia. The citron melon looks like a watermelon but has white flesh. Even the wild colocynth is a melon, though its flesh cannot be eaten.

Growing melons is a huge global business. In 2018, the world produced 27 million tonnes of melons. China grew the most, making up 46% of the total amount.

Painted green melons. Chennai, India, 2010
Painted green melons. Chennai, India, 2010

Turkey, Iran, and India also grew more than 1 million tonnes each. You can find these fruits in almost every part of the world. Whether they are sweet or tart, melons are a major part of our food. They connect ancient history to our modern snacks.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Cantaloupe and canary melon.jpg
Cantaloupe and canary melon.jpg
File:Watermelon and melon in India.jpg
Watermelon and melon in India.jpg
File:Cucumis metuliferus fruit - whole and cross section.jpg
Cucumis metuliferus fruit - whole and...
File:Cantaloupe Melon cross section.png
Cantaloupe Melon cross section.png
File:Painted green melons. Chennai, India, 2010.jpg
Painted green melons. Chennai, India, 2010.jpg
File:Melonjf7319.JPG
Melonjf7319.JPG
File:Cucumis melo inodorus argos.jpg
Cucumis melo inodorus argos.jpg
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