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Marvel Cinematic Universe

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The Marvel Cinematic Universe, or MCU, is a massive media franchise. It is a shared universe centered on a series of superhero films produced by Marvel Studios. These films are based on characters from American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The franchise is much larger than just movies. It includes several television series, short films, digital series, and literature. The shared universe functions much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books. It is established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast members, and characters.

Kevin Feige (48462887397) (cropped)
Kevin Feige (48462887397) (cropped)

Marvel Studios organizes its film releases into groups called "Phases." The first three phases are collectively known as "The Infinity Saga." The following three phases are called "The Multiverse Saga." Phase One began with the film *Iron Man* in 2008. It culminated in the 2012 crossover film *The Avengers*. Phase Two started with *Iron Man 3* in 2013 and ended with *Ant-Man* in 2015. Phase Three began with *Captain America: Civil War* in 2016 and concluded with *Spider-Man: Far From Home* in 2019. Phase Four started with *Black Widow* in 2021 and ended with *Black Panther: Wakanda Forever* in 2022. Phase Five began with *Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania* in 2023 and will conclude with *Thunderbolts* in 2025. Phase Six began with *The Fantastic Four: First Steps* in 2025 and will end with *Avengers: Secret Wars* in 2027.

Building this universe required a major shift in how Marvel operated. By 2005, Marvel Entertainment planned to produce its own films independently. Previously, Marvel had co-produced superhero films through licensing deals with companies like Columbia Pictures and 20th Century Fox. These deals resulted in relatively little profit for Marvel. To gain more money and artistic control, Avi Arad formed Marvel Studios. This made it the first major independent film studio in Hollywood since DreamWorks was founded in 1994.

Jeph Loeb San Diego Comic Con 2019
Jeph Loeb San Diego Comic Con 2019

Kevin Feige, who was Arad's second-in-command, played a vital role in the studio's vision. Feige realized that while characters like Spider-Man and X-Men were licensed to other studios, Marvel owned the rights to the Avengers. He envisioned a shared universe similar to the one created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in the 1960s. To raise the necessary capital, the studio secured a $525 million revolving credit facility from Merrill Lynch. In 2007, Feige was named studio chief. He formed a creative committee of six people to preserve the artistic integrity of the stories. This committee included experts in comic book lore like Dan Buckley and Joe Quesada.

In December 2009, the Walt Disney Company purchased Marvel Entertainment for $4 billion. This acquisition changed the distribution of Marvel films. By September 2015, Marvel Studios was integrated into Walt Disney Studios. Key film decisions were moved to a leadership group including Feige, Louis D'Esposito, and Victoria Alonso. The studio also established the "Marvel Studios Parliament." This is a "brain trust" of long-time executives who help elevate each other's projects.

Joss Whedon by Gage Skidmore 7
Joss Whedon by Gage Skidmore 7

The franchise expanded heavily into television through various platforms. Marvel Television expanded the universe to network television with *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* on ABC in 2013. The universe also grew through streaming on Netflix and Hulu, and cable on Freeform. In 2021, Marvel Studios began producing its own series for the Disney+ streaming service. The first was *WandaVision*. These series allow for a "longer-form narrative" that cannot be told in a theatrical movie. The studio even created a specific branch called Marvel Studios Animation to focus on animated content, such as *What If...?*.

The MCU has become one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. It has received generally positive reviews from critics and inspired many other studios to attempt shared universes. The franchise has also inspired themed attractions, art exhibits, and video games. However, some projects in the Multiverse Saga performed below expectations. The studio attributed this to the increased amount of content produced after the 2019 film *Avengers: Endgame*. As of 2024, the studio began decreasing its content output to address this. This shows how the scale of a shared universe affects its management and success.

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File:Kevin Feige (48462887397) (cropped).jpg
Kevin Feige (48462887397) (cropped).jpg
File:Jeph Loeb San Diego Comic Con 2019.jpg
Jeph Loeb San Diego Comic Con 2019.jpg
File:Joss Whedon by Gage Skidmore 7.jpg
Joss Whedon by Gage Skidmore 7.jpg
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