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Language

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Language is a special system we use to share meaning with others.

Globe of letters
Globe of letters

It can be spoken with sounds or shown through hand signs.

Girls learning sign language
Girls learning sign language

People also use writing to record these ideas for later. Language is amazing because it allows for "productivity." This means we can create a never-ending number of new sentences. It also has "displacement," which lets us talk about things not right in front of us. We can discuss the past or imagine things that have never happened.

Arnold Lakhovsky Conversation
Arnold Lakhovsky Conversation

Learning how language works involves many different rules.

Constituent structure analysis English sentence
Constituent structure analysis English sentence

First, there is a system of sounds or signs called phonology. This helps people form small pieces of meaning called morphemes. These morphemes join together to make words. Then, a system called syntax acts like a set of rules for words. Syntax tells us how to combine words into phrases and full sentences. All these rules help us turn simple signs into complex thoughts.

Noun-linguistics
Noun-linguistics

People have wondered about the start of language for a very long time.

In ancient Greece, thinkers like Plato and Gorgias debated how words connect to reality. Much later, during the Enlightenment, people guessed how language began. Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought language came from human emotions. On the other hand, Immanuel Kant believed it came from logical thought. In the 20th century, Ludwig Wittgenstein suggested that studying philosophy is really just studying language.

Ferdinand de Saussure by Jullien
Ferdinand de Saussure by Jullien

Scientists who study language are called linguists.

Social sciences
Social sciences

There are many different ways to look at how it works. Some believe language is a natural part of the human brain. This idea is linked to famous thinkers like Noam Chomsky. Others look at how language functions in social groups. We can see that language is tied to our culture and identity.

Linguistic diversity
Linguistic diversity

It is also a way to show which group we belong to. Experts estimate there are between 5,000 and 7,000 languages in the world today.

Language is constantly changing and moving through time.

Primary Human Language Families Map
Primary Human Language Families Map

Some languages belong to a large group called a language family. These languages all come from one common ancestor. Other languages are called isolates because they have no known relatives.

Ancient Tamil Script
Ancient Tamil Script

Using language is a social skill that children learn very quickly. Most children can speak fluently by the time they are three years old. This happens in special parts of the brain like Broca's and Wernicke's areas.

Brain Surface Gyri
Brain Surface Gyri

However, many languages are at risk of disappearing. Experts think many might be extinct by the year 2100.

408 words

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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:Brain Surface Gyri.SVG
Brain Surface Gyri.SVG
File:Hangul wi.svg
Hangul wi.svg
File:Constituent structure analysis English sentence.svg
Constituent structure analysis English...
File:Lang Status List.svg
Lang Status List.svg
File:P religion world.svg
P religion world.svg
File:Social sciences.svg
Social sciences.svg
File:Globe of letters.svg
Globe of letters.svg
File:Noun-linguistics.svg
Noun-linguistics.svg
File:Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Tower of Babel (Vienna) - Google Art Project - edited.jpg
Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Tower of...
File:Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg
Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg
File:Trilingual signboard in the Imphal International Airport (Tulihal International Airport) displaying in Meitei, Hindi and English languages.jpg
Trilingual signboard in the Imphal...
File:Place des Abbesse (the plaque with the je t'aime=te iubesc in 311 laguages).jpg
Place des Abbesse (the plaque with the je...

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