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Lakshmi

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Lakshmi is a principal goddess in the Hindu tradition.

She is revered as the goddess of happiness, fortune, and wealth. Followers also associate her with beauty, fertility, sovereignty, and abundance. Lakshmi is a member of the Tridevi. This is a trinity of goddesses that includes Parvati and Sarasvati. Her role is vital because she represents the many ways humans experience prosperity. She is a central figure in Hindu tradition and remains widely worshipped today.

In many religious traditions, Lakshmi acts in specific roles. In the Vaishnavism sect, she is the consort of the god Vishnu. She is seen as his divine energy, known as shakti. In this role, she assists Vishnu to create, protect, and transform the universe. She is also considered the ideal Hindu wife due to her loyalty and devotion. When Vishnu descended to earth as an avatar, Lakshmi accompanied him. For example, she appeared as Sita to the avatar Rama. She also appeared as Radha to Krishna and as Rukmini to another avatar.

Lakshmi has many different manifestations and aspects. One important group is the Ashtalakshmi. These are eight prominent manifestations that symbolize eight different sources of wealth. Within the Shaktism tradition, she is seen as the prosperity aspect of the Supreme goddess. In the Sri Vaishnavism tradition, devotion to Lakshmi is considered crucial to reaching Vishnu. Some texts also connect her to the goddess Lalita. She is praised with many names, such as Mahadevi, which means the great goddess. Other names like Mahamaya describe her as a great illusion.

The history of Lakshmi spans thousands of years. She has been a central figure since pre-Buddhist times, between 1500 and 500 BCE. In the earliest Vedic literature, she does not appear directly. Instead, the term shri was used to mean auspiciousness and high rank. This concept eventually developed into the goddess Sri-Lakshmi in later texts like the Shri Suktam. Her importance grew significantly around 400 CE during the late epic period. Archaeological evidence shows her reverence through ancient coinage dating back to the first millennium BCE. Statues of her have been found in Southeast Asian temples from the second half of the first millennium CE.

Relief sculpture of the Hindu god Narayana with his consort Lakshmi (Lakshminarayana) in the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu
Relief sculpture of the Hindu god Narayana with his consort Lakshmi (Lakshminarayana) in the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu

The iconography of Lakshmi is rich with specific symbols. She is often depicted as an elegantly dressed, golden-colored woman. She usually sits or stands in the padmasana position on a lotus throne. She often holds a lotus in her hand to symbolize fortune and spiritual liberation. Her four arms represent four important aspects of human life: dharma, kama, artha, and moksha. Dharma is the pursuit of ethical life. Artha is the pursuit of wealth. Kama is the pursuit of emotional fulfillment. Moksha is the pursuit of self-knowledge.

Sravanbelagola Temple
Sravanbelagola Temple

Other animals appear in her images to add meaning. In Gaja-Lakshmi images, she is accompanied by two elephants. These elephants symbolize fertility, strength, and royal authority. During the Gupta period, sculptures and coins often associated her with lions. The lion was sometimes seen as her vahana, or vehicle. The owl is another animal sometimes shown with her. The owl symbolizes the patient striving to discover knowledge in the darkness. It also serves as a reminder to avoid greed after gaining wealth.

Lakshmi Puja
Lakshmi Puja

The name Lakshmi has deep linguistic roots in Sanskrit. It comes from the roots lakṣ, meaning to perceive or understand, and lakṣa, meaning a goal or objective. This suggests the importance of understanding one's aims. Her other name, Shri, is mentioned approximately 130 times in the Rigveda. While Shri often denotes general prosperity, Lakshmi refers more specifically to material wealth. People celebrate her through various festivals. These include the day of Lakshmi Puja during Navaratri. They also celebrate Deepavali and Sharad Purnima in her honor.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Lakshmi (Banteay Srei, Angkor) (6843511981).jpg
Lakshmi (Banteay Srei, Angkor) (6843511981).jpg
File:Shri Lakshmi Lustrated by Elephants (Gaja-Lakshmi) LACMA M.85.62 (cropped).jpg
Shri Lakshmi Lustrated by Elephants...
File:Relief sculpture of the Hindu god Narayana with his consort Lakshmi (Lakshminarayana) in the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.jpg
Relief sculpture of the Hindu god...
File:Sheshashayi - Laxminarayan by DHURANDHAR MV.jpg
Sheshashayi - Laxminarayan by DHURANDHAR MV.jpg
File:Sagar Manthan.jpg
Sagar Manthan.jpg
File:Diwali in Sri Lanka Culture and Sights.jpg
Diwali in Sri Lanka Culture and Sights.jpg
File:Lakshmi Puja.jpg
Lakshmi Puja.jpg
File:MET DP253395.jpg
MET DP253395.jpg
File:Sravanbelagola Temple.jpg
Sravanbelagola Temple.jpg
File:Jyoruriji Kissyoten Srii.jpg
Jyoruriji Kissyoten Srii.jpg
File:善化寺大雄宝殿殿内金代大吉祥功德天-吉祥天女造像左侧面.jpg
善化寺大雄宝殿殿内金代大吉祥功德天-吉祥天女造像左侧面.jpg
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