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Kimono

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The kimono is the traditional national dress of Japan.

Komono cropped
Komono cropped

It is a wrapped-front garment characterized by a rectangular body and square sleeves. The garment is worn with the left side wrapped over the right. This specific rule is vital, as the right side is only wrapped over the left for the deceased.

Khalili Collection Kimono 02
Khalili Collection Kimono 02

To complete the outfit, people often use a broad sash called an obi. They may also wear zōri sandals and socks. The specialized method of wearing the kimono is known as kitsuke.

Kimono parts
Kimono parts

Construction of the kimono follows a very specific method. Most traditional kimonos are made from a long, narrow bolt of cloth called a tanmono.

Kimono-krij1
Kimono-krij1

While Western-style fabric bolts are sometimes used today, the tanmono remains the standard. The variety of kimonos is vast. Different types exist for men, women, and children. The specific style depends on the season, the occasion, and the wearer's age. In the past, a person's marital status also determined their choice of garment. Even though the kimono has a reputation for being difficult to wear, many styles exist for both formal and informal settings.

The history of the kimono involves a long transition from Chinese influence to a unique Japanese style. During the Nara period, the upper classes were strongly influenced by the Tang dynasty of China.

sleeve stylized tsutsusode
sleeve stylized tsutsusode

In 718 CE, the Yoro clothing code required robes to be overlapped at the front with a left-to-right closure. This convention remains the standard today. During the Heian period, Japan stopped sending envoys to China. This created a cultural vacuum that allowed a "national style" to flourish. Aristocrats developed luxurious garments like the jūnihitoe, which involved layering many garments. At this time, the kosode was used only as a simple undergarment for the upper classes.

As social structures changed, the kosode evolved into the modern kimono. During the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, the power of the court nobility weakened. The samurai class rose to prominence in the upper classes. The kosode, originally an innermost garment, began to be worn as an outer layer. This merged the styles of the aristocracy and the common people. By the Muromachi period, the simplest kosode became the direct ancestor of the modern kimono. The combination of a kosode and hakama, known as kosode-bakama, was considered semi-formal attire. This later developed into the modern men's formal haori-hakama style.

The Edo period brought significant changes to the appearance of the garment. During this era of peace, women's kosode became much more ornate.

NDL-DC 1307775-Utagawa Kuniyoshi-夜の梅-cmb
NDL-DC 1307775-Utagawa Kuniyoshi-夜の梅-cmb

Sleeve lengths increased and the obi grew longer and wider. To prevent the garment from loosening, people adopted the obijime cord. This development helped lead to the creation of the modern furisode, which features long sleeves.

sleeve stylized hirosode oosode
sleeve stylized hirosode oosode

During the Genroku era, kimonos featured large sleeve pouches and flashy, innovative designs. Some people even wore the hem long so it would trail behind them as they walked.

Today, the kimono is no longer the most common everyday dress in Japan, but it remains deeply significant. It is frequently seen at summer festivals, where people wear the yukata.

Dragonflies yukata
Dragonflies yukata

The yukata is the most informal type of kimono. More formal versions are worn for major life events like weddings, funerals, and graduations. Certain professions require the kimono as part of the job. Geisha and maiko must wear them for their work. Additionally, sumo wrestlers are required to wear kimonos whenever they are in public. Despite being a complex garment, the kimono has seen several revivals and is still worn as fashionable clothing.

The kimono connects deeply to Japanese social identity and seasonal awareness. The choice of pattern, color, and fabric often reflects the natural world. For example, some kimonos feature small, repeating floral patterns called komon.

MET 2001 428 45 mon komon
MET 2001 428 45 mon komon

Others might use specific motifs like the gagaku pattern.

Kurotomesode back view with panels opened motif is gagaku
Kurotomesode back view with panels opened motif is gagaku

This connection to nature and ceremony ensures that the kimono remains a living part of Japanese culture. It serves as a bridge between the ancient traditions of the Heian and Edo periods and the modern world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (37)
File:Khalili Collection Kimono 02.jpg
Khalili Collection Kimono 02.jpg
File:NDL-DC 1307775-Utagawa Kuniyoshi-夜の梅-cmb.jpg
NDL-DC 1307775-Utagawa Kuniyoshi-夜の梅-cmb.jpg
File:Cha-baori (easy haori) 1957.jpg
Cha-baori (easy haori) 1957.jpg
File:Kimono and Trouser suit, Victoria and Albert Museum, Dundee.jpg
Kimono and Trouser suit, Victoria and...
File:Komono cropped.png
Komono cropped.png
File:Laika_ac_Shitamachi_Tanabata_Matsuri_(7560650862).jpg
Laika_ac_Shitamachi_Tanabata_Matsuri_(7560...
File:MET DP277429.jpg
MET DP277429.jpg
File:Kimono-krij1.png
Kimono-krij1.png
File:Kimono-zbirka.png
Kimono-zbirka.png
File:sleeve_stylized_hirosode_oosode.png
sleeve_stylized_hirosode_oosode.png
File:sleeve_stylized_kosode_1.png
sleeve_stylized_kosode_1.png
File:sleeve_stylized_tsutsusode.png
sleeve_stylized_tsutsusode.png

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