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Kashgar

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Kashgar is a major city located in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, China.

Silk Road 1992
Silk Road 1992

It sits as one of the westernmost urban centers in the country. The city is positioned near the international borders of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. For more than 2,000 years, Kashgar has functioned as a vital oasis on the Silk Road. This ancient network of trade routes connected China with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Because of its location, it has served as a strategic meeting point for many different travelers.

Kashgar road scene, 1870s
Kashgar road scene, 1870s

As an oasis, Kashgar provides a critical source of life in a dry region. The city is one of the oldest places in the world where people have lived continuously. It currently has a population of 711,300 people. The city is the administrative center for the Kashgar Prefecture. This larger prefecture covers a massive area and holds approximately 4 million people. The urban area of the city is distinct from its much larger administrative territory.

The City of Kashgar
The City of Kashgar

The history of Kashgar is defined by the convergence of many different empires. Throughout the centuries, the city has been ruled by Chinese, Turkic, Mongol, and Tibetan empires. It has also been a site of conflict, as various groups fought battles on the surrounding steppes. During the Han dynasty, the region was part of a complex political landscape. In 76 BC, the Chinese conquered several states in the Tarim Basin, including Sulei, which is another name for Kashgar.

Early records from the Book of Han show the city was growing steadily. In the first century AD, there were 18,647 people living in the area. By the time of the Later Han, the population reached 21,000 households.

The name of the city has changed many times in historical records. The earliest recorded names were Shufu and Shule. Shufu referred to the old city inhabited by the Uyghur people. Shule was the name used for a new city built by Han Chinese settlers. The Roman geographer Ptolemy referred to the city as Kasi in his work, *Geography*. In 644, the Buddhist scholar Xuanzang recorded the name as Kasha. The modern name Kashgar likely derives from the Russian name, which comes from a Persian root.

Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08
Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08

Religious history has also shaped the identity of Kashgar. Before the arrival of Islam, the people of the region practiced Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. Xuanzang described the city as a center for Buddhism during his travels. He noted that there were hundreds of monasteries with over 10,000 followers. He also observed that the inhabitants wove fine woolen rugs and had a unique writing system. Later, Nestorian Christians also established presence in the area.

Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08
Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08

In modern times, Kashgar has become an important economic hub. In 2010, it was declared a Special Economic Zone. This is a significant distinction because it is the only city in western China to hold this status. The city also serves as the terminus for the Karakoram Highway. This highway is a major part of the multibillion-dollar China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. This project helps connect the region to global trade networks.

Today, Kashgar remains a place where history and modern development meet. You can see the traces of the past in the Old City and its mosques.

20250525喀什古城大门
20250525喀什古城大门

At the same time, modern infrastructure like the Kashgar Railway Station supports its growing population.

Kashgar Railway Station
Kashgar Railway Station

The city continues to function as a gateway between China and the rest of Central Asia. It remains a vital link in the long history of the Silk Road.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Kushanmap.jpg
Kushanmap.jpg
File:Mural with Ban Chao & King Yule (Zhong) of Kashgar, 73 CE.jpg
Mural with Ban Chao & King Yule (Zhong)...
File:Silk Road 1992.jpg
Silk Road 1992.jpg
File:唐朝疆域(繁).png
唐朝疆域(繁).png
File:Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg
Kashgar-casco-viejo-d08.jpg
File:Kashgar road scene, 1870s.jpg
Kashgar road scene, 1870s.jpg
File:Xinjiang 1759 - 16.jpg
Xinjiang 1759 - 16.jpg
File:万国来朝图 Kashgar (喀什喀爾) delegates in Peking in 1761.jpg
万国来朝图 Kashgar (喀什喀爾) delegates in Peking...
File:YakubBey.jpg
YakubBey.jpg
File:The City of Kashgar.jpg
The City of Kashgar.jpg
File:Kashgari Musicians.jpg
Kashgari Musicians.jpg
File:Kashgar (23968353536).jpg
Kashgar (23968353536).jpg

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