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Kartikeya

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Kartikeya is a major deity in the Hindu religion. He is widely known as the god of war. He is also called Skanda, Subrahmanya, Shanmukha, or Muruga. He is the son of the deities Shiva and Parvati. He is also the brother of Ganesha.

The Holy Family, Shiva, Parvati, with their sons Ganesha and Karttikeya, National Museum, New Delhi (cropped2)
The Holy Family, Shiva, Parvati, with their sons Ganesha and Karttikeya, National Museum, New Delhi (cropped2)

Kartikeya has been an important figure in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times. Sanskrit literature mentions Skanda as early as the fifth century BCE. His mythology spread to North India around the second century BCE. Archaeological evidence from the first century CE shows he was once associated with Agni, the god of fire.

Kartikeya's birth is described through several different legends. In the Skanda Purana, six divine sparks emerged from Shiva. The wind god, Vayu, carried these sparks. He handed them to the fire god, Agni, because they were too hot. Agni then placed the sparks in the Ganges river. The sparks eventually developed into six baby boys in the Saravana lake. These boys were raised by handmaidens known as the Krittikas.

Skanda, from Kannuaj
Skanda, from Kannuaj

Because he was raised by them, his name Kartikeya means "of the Krittikas" in Sanskrit. Another version in the Kanda Puranam says Parvati fused the six boys into one person. This explains why some icons show him with six heads, or Shanmukha.

Many different names are used to identify him. Hindu literature says he has 108 different names. Common names include Skanda, which means "to leap or to attack." Muruga means "handsome," and Kumara means "youthful." Subrahmanya means "transparent," while Senthil means "victorious." Other names include Vēlaṇ, which means "wielder of vel," and Swaminatha, meaning "ruler of gods." In South India, the name Muruga is very popular. In Tamil and Malayalam, it often becomes Murugan to show he is male.

Kartikeya is often shown with specific symbols. He is usually depicted as an ever-youthful man. He rides an Indian peafowl named Paravani.

Karttikeya, God of War, Seated on a Peacock
Karttikeya, God of War, Seated on a Peacock

He also carries a spear called a vel. This spear was given to him by his mother, Parvati. Some versions of his story say the vel helped him distinguish between good and evil. He may also have a rooster emblem on his banner. These symbols help followers recognize him in art and statues.

His early life includes many miraculous feats. As a child, he played in the cosmos. He was said to have moved the orbits of planets. He also stacked mountains in Kailasha on top of Mount Meru. One legend involves a fruit of knowledge, or Gnana palam. A sage named Narada gave this fruit to Shiva. Shiva wanted to give it to his sons, Ganesha and Kartikeya. The challenge was to circle the world three times. Kartikeya rode his peacock around the globe. However, Ganesha won by circling his parents instead.

Muruga defeats Surapadman
Muruga defeats Surapadman

This event led Kartikeya to become a hermit in the Palani Hills.

Kartikeya played a vital role in protecting the devas. The asuras, or powerful beings, were acting as tyrants. An asura named Tarakasura could only be killed by a son of Shiva. This made Kartikeya's birth very important for the gods. He was appointed as the commander of the devas. Shiva gave him an army of 30,000 warriors to help him.

He was also assisted by nine sub-commanders. These warriors were born from the anklet, or silambu, of Shakti. Kartikeya used his vel to defeat the asura brothers, including Tarakasura and Surapadma.

Today, his worship is a global phenomenon. The Kaumaram denomination primarily venerates him. He is worshipped as Mahasena or Kumara in North and East India. In South India, he is a major deity. He is also the patron deity of the Tamil language. Many literary works, like the Tiruppukal, are devoted to him. His followers live in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Singapore.

Penang thaipusam Silver chariot
Penang thaipusam Silver chariot

You can also find his worship in Canada, the United States, and Australia. This shows how deeply his traditions have spread across the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Karttikeya, God of War, Seated on a Peacock.jpg
Karttikeya, God of War, Seated on a Peacock.jpg
File:Skanda, from Kannuaj.jpg
Skanda, from Kannuaj.jpg
File:Muruga defeats Surapadman.jpg
Muruga defeats Surapadman.jpg
File:The Holy Family, Shiva, Parvati, with their sons Ganesha and Karttikeya, National Museum, New Delhi (cropped2).jpg
The Holy Family, Shiva, Parvati, with...
File:Penang_thaipusam_Silver_chariot.jpg
Penang_thaipusam_Silver_chariot.jpg
File:Murugan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg
Murugan by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg
File:Skanda Bodhisattva.jpeg
Skanda Bodhisattva.jpeg
File:Kavadi_dancer_6039398.jpg
Kavadi_dancer_6039398.jpg
File:A day of devotion – Thaipusam in Singapore (4316108409).jpg
A day of devotion – Thaipusam in...
File:Palani_Hill.JPG
Palani_Hill.JPG
File:Nallur Kandasamy front entrance.jpg
Nallur Kandasamy front entrance.jpg
File:Kartik Puja of West Bengal.jpg
Kartik Puja of West Bengal.jpg
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